Lancet Pub Health:50万中国人研究显示:吸烟增加患2型糖尿病风险

2018-03-31 佚名 生物探索

近日,一篇发表在《柳叶刀》子刊上的论文又给吸烟者带来了不好的消息。这项对中国50万成人进行的9年随访研究证实,经常吸烟者患2型糖尿病的风险比从不吸烟者高15%~30%。

3月13日,发表在The Lancet Public Health杂志上题为“Smoking and smoking cessation in relation to risk of diabetes in Chinese men and women: a 9-year prospective study of 0·5 million people”的研究中,来自牛津大学、中国医学科学院和北京大学的科学家们调查了吸烟和戒烟与患糖尿病风险之间的关联。

这是一项涉及来自中国10个地区(5个城市和5个农村地区)的500,000成年人的大型全国性研究。该研究只纳入了没有糖尿病病史的人,参与者的健康状况通过“死亡和入院记录”进行为期9年的监测。在这期间,有13,500人患上了2型糖尿病

患糖尿病风险高15% - 30%

在考虑了年龄、社会经济地位、饮酒、体育活动和肥胖的影响后,研究人员发现,“经常吸烟的人”比“从不吸烟的人”患糖尿病的风险高15% - 30%。

其中,在男性中,肥胖更严重的人与吸烟相关的糖尿病风险似乎更大。与那些从不吸过烟的人相比,正常体重的(BMI<25 kg/m2)每天吸30根或更多烟的男性患糖尿的风险高出30%,但肥胖的(BMI≥30 kg/m2)每天吸30根或更多烟的男性患糖尿的风险要高出60%。

事实上,平均而言,吸烟者倾向于比不吸烟的人更瘦,这可能反映了与吸烟有关的食欲抑制和静息代谢率升高。然而,与轻度吸烟或不吸烟的人相比,重度吸烟者更有可能有更高的腹部肥胖,这大大增加了患糖尿病的风险。

该研究还指出,尽管吸烟在中国女性中并不常见,但在给定吸烟量的情况下,女性吸烟者比男性吸烟者拥有更高的与吸烟有关的糖尿病风险。这可能部分是由于她们的身体脂肪比例高于男性。

牛津大学的Zhengming Chen教授说:“中国男性中,与过度吸烟相关的糖尿病风险很可能会在未来几代人中大幅增加。这是因为烟草流行正在逐渐成熟,并且中国成年人中超重和肥胖的水平在持续上升。”

短期戒烟增加患糖尿病风险是“局部现象”

先前有研究表明,戒烟可能会增加患2型糖尿病的风险,至少在短期内是如此。通过仔细分析人们戒烟的原因,这项新研究表明,“短期戒烟增加患糖尿病风险”只发生在因疾病而戒烟的人中,没有发生在因其他原因戒烟的人中。此外,坚持戒烟5年以上的人患糖尿病的风险略有升高。这可能是因为戒烟导致了体重适度增加。

增加了戒烟有益健康的证据

自上世纪80年代初以来,中国的糖尿病患病率增加了近10倍。目前,中国有十分之一的成年人受到糖尿病的影响。虽然肥胖是导致糖尿病的主要可改变的危险因素,但在中国的其他研究表明,肥胖只能解释近几十年糖尿病患病率增加的50%。这意味着,包括吸烟在内的其他生活方式因素可能在糖尿病病因学中起了作用。

近几十年来,中国的吸烟人数大幅增加,尤其是男性。现在,大约有三分之二的中国男性吸烟,他们消耗了全世界约40%的香烟。

牛津大学的Fiona Bragg博士认为,这些发现增加了戒烟有益健康的证据,不仅能预防癌症、呼吸和心血管疾病,还能预防糖尿病。

北京大学的Liming Li教授则表示:“尽管我们不能从这些发现直接得出‘吸烟会导致2型糖尿病’的结论,但无论如何,在中国和其他地方,吸烟都应该被作为疾病预防策略中一种重要的、可改变的生活方式因素。”

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    2018-08-19 howi
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    2018-06-12 shizhenshan
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    2018-03-31 三生有幸9135

    学习一下谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-03-31 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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