增量运动中PetCO2的变化与特发性肺动脉高压和慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的严重程度

2022-06-29 刘少飞 MedSci原创

探索IPAH和CTEPH患者在增量运动中PetCO2的变化模式,并可能将PetCO2与疾病的严重程度相关联。

肺动脉高压(PH)的特点是进行性阻塞性肺血管病(PV),最终导致肺血管阻力和肺动脉压力增加,最终导致持续的右心室衰竭甚至死亡。PH患者在临床上被分为5组(Dana Point分类)。大多数人患有两个不同的关键亚组--特发性肺动脉高压(IPAH)和慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)。

虽然IPAH和CTEPH的病因明显不同,但它们有着密切的肺部微血管组织病理学特征。在CTEPH中看到的微血管病变--包括闭塞性和非闭塞性肺血管床,包括内膜增厚、丛状病变和介质的平滑肌细胞肥大,都被认为是IPAH的典型特征。IPAH和CTEPH中相似的渐进性PV导致肺血管阻力(PVR)逐渐增加。由于肺血流量(心输出量[CO])相对于O2运动需求的增加不足,导致肺部灌注不足,从而导致通气/灌注不匹配(V/Q)增加,气体交换效率低下。

心肺运动试验(CPET)已被证明是检测PH患者气体交换异常的一个潜在工具。对于不同的肺血管疾病,运动测试中的潮末PCO2(PetCO2)模式以及二氧化碳的呼吸当量都有报道,但很少有报道说运动反应因肺动脉高压的病因不同而存在显著差异。我们旨在比较IPAH和CTEPH在不同严重程度的增量心肺运动测试(CPET)中的PetCO2变化模式。

研究方法:

我们回顾性地招募了2012年至2019年期间转诊至上海肺科医院的164名IPAH患者和135名CTEPH患者作为研究对象。所有患者都进行了CPET,同时进行了右心导管检查(RHC)。44名健康受试者也进行了CPET,并被列为对照组。

研究结果:

与正常人相比,IPAH和CTEPH患者的PetCO2明显降低。此外,IPAH和CTEPH患者的PetCO2没有上升,事实上从静止到无氧阈值(AT)下降,然后进一步下降直至达到峰值。在IPAH和CTEPH患者中,随着世界卫生组织功能分级(WHO-Fc)的增加,静息、无负荷、AT和峰值的PetCO2值都按比例减少。IPAH患者的PETCO2在运动的所有阶段在WHO-Fc I-II和III-IV亚组之间有显著差异。CTEPH也表现出明显的差异,除了峰值时的PETCO2。与CTEPH患者相比,IPAH患者在所有运动阶段的PetCO2值都明显较高(所有P < 0.001)。

图1 三组人在增量运动测试中PetCO2的差异。

在IPAH中,峰值VO2%pred与休息(r = 0.477,P < 0.001)、AT(r = 0.609,P < 0.001)和运动峰值(r = 0.576,P < 0.001)的PetCO2明显相关。N-末端钠尿肽-B型(NT-proBNP)也与PetCO2明显相关,相关系数为-0.326至-0.427(均为P <0.001)。此外,在CTEPH患者中,休息时、AT时和峰值时的PetCO2与峰值VO2%pred呈正相关,与NT-proBNP呈反相关(均为P<0.05)。

研究结论:

IPAH和CTEPH患者运动时的PetCO2与正常人有明显不同。此外,与CTEPH患者相比,IPAH患者在所有运动阶段的PetCO2值都明显较高(所有P < 0.001)。根据峰值VO2%pred和WHO-Fc,PetCO2的异常程度随着疾病严重程度的增加而逐渐增加。

参考文献:

Sun X, Shi X, Cao Y, Zhu H, Pudasaini B, Yang W, Yuan P, Wang L, Zhao Q, Gong S, Liu J, Guo J. Variation of PetCO2 during incremental exercise and severity of IPAH and CTEPH. BMC Pulm Med. 2022 Jun 25;22(1):249. doi: 10.1186/s12890-022-02045-4. PMID: 35752795.

 

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抗磷脂综合征(APS) 可能导致慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)。我们试图确定可以识别患有CTEPH的APS受试者的临床特征和生物标志物,并描述APS-CTEPH 患者的患病率、病程和治疗结果。

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压血管平滑肌细胞增殖和迁移相关新基因的鉴定

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)的特征是近端肺动脉血栓纤维化阻塞,导致远端肺动脉血管重构。虽然 CTEPH 发病机制的细胞和分子机制仍未完全了解,但最近的证据表明血管重塑。

Euro Radio:究竟哪些影像学征象可以提示慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压的存在?

有潜在生命危险的慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)患者中,有75%的患者均在先前有急性肺栓塞(PE)的病史。众所周知,CTEPH的诊断具有挑战性,诊断延误时间可长达14个月。