ACR:美国青少年特发性关节炎(JIA)治疗建议更新

2011-06-10 陈颖娟 刘爱华 黄慈波 医学论坛网

青少年特发性关节炎   近日,美国风湿病学会(ACR)在《关节炎治疗与研究》杂志4月期上发布了针对青少年特发性关节炎(JIA)的治疗建议。   该建议的关注点为:① JIA是一种异质性疾病,强调根据疾病的不同临床表现开始不同的治疗方案。② 将JIA分为5类,即有受累关节≤4个的关节炎病史;有受累关节≥5个的关节炎病史;活动性骶髂关节炎;有活动性全身症状但无活动性关节炎的全身型;有活动性关节炎但

青少年特发性关节炎

  近日,美国风湿病学会(ACR)在《关节炎治疗与研究》杂志4月期上发布了针对青少年特发性关节炎(JIA)的治疗建议。

  该建议的关注点为:① JIA是一种异质性疾病,强调根据疾病的不同临床表现开始不同的治疗方案。② 将JIA分为5类,即有受累关节≤4个的关节炎病史;有受累关节≥5个的关节炎病史;活动性骶髂关节炎;有活动性全身症状但无活动性关节炎的全身型;有活动性关节炎但无活动性全身症状的全身型。每类中均阐述了预后不良的特异性临床表现以及疾病活动水平。

  具体建议见下。

  针对受累关节≤4个的患者,建议的治疗原则为:

  •若疾病活动度较低,初始治疗可使用非类固醇类抗炎药(NSAID),联合关节腔内注射己曲安奈德;

  •若疾病活动度较高并有预后不良的特征,建议使用甲氨蝶呤;

  •若服用最大耐受剂量甲氨蝶呤3个月后疾病活动度仍较高,尤其在患者具有预后较差的特征时,可考虑使用依那西普等肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)抑制剂治疗。

  针对受累关节≥5个的患者,建议的治疗原则为:

  •不推荐NSAID单药使用超过2个月。疾病活动度呈中高度时,应开始使用甲氨蝶呤;

  •虽然首选药物为甲氨蝶呤,但亦可选择来氟米特;

  •若在甲氨蝶呤或来氟米特治疗3个月后疾病活动度仍较高,则推荐使用TNF抑制剂;

  •若治疗4个月后疾病活动度仍较高,则可考虑TNF抑制剂转化治疗或使用阿巴他塞;

  •若疾病活动度持续较高,则可尝试使用利妥昔单抗。

  针对活动性骶髂关节炎患者,建议的治疗原则为:

  •对经NSAID或甲氨蝶呤治疗无效的患者,可使用TNF抑制剂治疗;

  •无活动性关节炎的全身型患者,若伴发热以及全身评估≥7分时,建议初始治疗即为使用糖皮质激素;

  •若患者出现发热并有预后差的特征,建议使用阿那白滞素,若患者在使用糖皮质激素治疗时出现发热,亦可考虑使用该药;

  •不推荐使用甲氨蝶呤。

  针对有关节症状的全身型患者,建议的治疗原则为:

  •若疾病活动度较低,可使用NSAID,但若关节炎症状持续超过1个月,可加用甲氨蝶呤;

  •若疾病活动度持续在较高水平,可加用阿那白滞素或TNF抑制剂,最后可尝试使用阿巴他塞。

  在治疗期间,加强药物安全性监测:

  •监测患者的血清肌酐、全血细胞计数、肝功能水平及尿常规;

  •对接受甲氨蝶呤治疗的患者,若肝酶水平超过正常上限的两倍,则应减少甲氨蝶呤用量;若肝酶水平持续超过正常上限的3倍,则应停止使用甲氨蝶呤;

  •开始进行TNF抑制剂治疗的患者应接受结核筛查,且每年复查一次;

  •对有感染乙型或丙型肝炎危险因素的患者,推荐在开始甲氨蝶呤或TNF抑制剂治疗前接受病毒抗体检测。

  专家点评

  该推荐意见会对我国临床工作发挥指导作用

  首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院 何晓琥

  长期以来,关于JIA的治疗一直没有公认的指南,这个建议的刊登对儿科风湿病临床医生而言是一个及时雨,其具有以下3个优点。

  首先,这篇建议很明确地将JIA归纳为5个治疗群体,尤其是将全身型JIA明确为有活动性全身症状但无活动性关节炎的全身型关节炎和有活动性关节炎但无活动性全身症状的全身型关节炎两个治疗群体。其中,伴有活动性全身症状但无活动性关节炎的全身型关节炎是我国常见的临床类型,这个分类非常适用于我国临床。

  其次,建议中对于不同的治疗群体提出不同的治疗计划,可避免在用药方面的混乱现象。

  最后,建议中介绍了应用生物制剂的合适时机以及对不同的治疗群体应用不同的生物制剂,例如以关节症状为主者应用TNF抑制剂;对有活动性全身症状但无活动性关节炎的全身型关节炎者应用白介素(IL)拮抗剂阿那白滞素;对疾病持续活动者可更换使用阿巴他塞或尝试使用利妥昔单抗等。 这为临床工作指明了方向,避免了盲目用药。

  近年来,生物治疗药物的引入使JIA的治疗取得了重大进展,各种不同的生物制剂已经逐步应用于我国风湿病的临床治疗。建议中所分的5个治疗群体又非常符合我国JIA的临床特点,所以这篇建议的发表必定对于我国儿科风湿病的治疗起重要的指导作用。

原始文献:Arthritis Care Res 2011,63(4):465

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    2011-06-12 lmm397
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    2011-06-12 10518094zz
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    2011-06-12 lujian

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