Nature:新冠大流行不仅影响生育率,还导致胎儿死产率急剧上升!

2020-09-18 生物世界 Bio生物世界

突如其来的新冠疫情打乱了所有人的生活节奏,与此同时,COVID-19全球大流行对人类的经济发展和社会秩序造成的负面影响也愈发严重,生活压力和失业风险的骤增也在无形中扩大了新冠病毒的破坏力。

突如其来的新冠疫情打乱了所有人的生活节奏,与此同时,COVID-19全球大流行对人类的经济发展和社会秩序造成的负面影响也愈发严重,生活压力和失业风险的骤增也在无形中扩大了新冠病毒的破坏力。

截止目前,全球累计确诊病例数接近3000万例,死亡人数超过90万人。但值得注意的是,这仅仅只是新冠病毒直接导致的病亡人数,如果考虑到那些因新冠疫情而延误治疗的患者,那么,疫情所造成的伤亡人数将无疑更加惊人。

在这些新冠疫情造成的间接死亡数据中,死婴是一个容易被忽略的方面。

近日,Nature News上的一篇题为:Stillbirth rate rises dramatically during pandemic 的文章。

该文章指出新冠疫情的肆虐极大地破坏了孕妇的产前检测及相关的妊娠服务,导致全球范围内死产率的急剧上升!

COVID-19大流行的爆发肆虐迫使世界各国政府不得不采取社区封锁制度,这极大地减少了社区居民获取医疗服务的途径。因此,一些弱势群体,如孕妇,在疫情期间获得的照料要比她们实际需求的要少得多,这可能导致某些死产并发症容易被忽略。

与此同时,世界各地的一系列研究报告也表明了一个令人不安的趋势——在COVID-19大流行开始以来,以死产结束的妊娠比例显着上升!

新冠疫情期间,尼泊尔死产率上升为之前的1.5倍

8月1日,《柳叶刀全球健康》(Lancet Global Health)刊发了一篇题为:Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic response on intrapartum care, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality outcomes in Nepal: a prospective observational study 的研究论文。

该研究基于尼泊尔9家医院的2万多名产妇的数据报告称,从3月份尼泊尔进入疫情封锁状态——居民被要求留在家中,只有在购买食物和接受基本护理时才能离开。在这种情况下,尼泊尔的死产率从之前的14/1000激增到21/1000,上升了50%!

瑞典乌普萨拉大学围产期流行病学家、本研究的主要领导者Ashish K.C.说道:“虽然数据显示在COVID-19大流行期间,总的死胎数量没有明显变化,但这也可以用疫情期间住院分娩的人数也下降了一半来解释。”

尼泊尔新冠疫情前后的死产率对比图

K.C.还表示,死产比例的上升与孕妇感染COVID-19无明显关系,反而与COVID-19大流行阻碍了部分孕妇的常规产前护理息息相关。许多人害怕外出感染COVID-19而避免去医院,因此他们仅仅通过电话或互联网咨询。

不仅如此,与死产类似,心脏病和糖尿病这些需要长期随访的慢性疾病,在疫情期间造成的死亡人数也有所上升。

尼泊尔在过去20年里在妇女和婴儿的健康成果方面取得了重大进展,但过去几个月使这一进展放慢了速度。

COVID-19大流行期间,死产率上升是全球趋势

英国伦敦的一家大型医院的出生数据也显示了类似的趋势。今年7月,伦敦大学圣乔治医学院的妇产科医生Asma Khalil及其同事报告了近四倍的死胎率增长,从2.38/1000(2019年10月至2020年1月)上升为9.31/1000(2019年2月至2020年6月)。

Asma Khalil称这是COVID-19大流行带来的附带损害,她表示,在社区封锁期间,孕妇可能会出现不明显的妊娠并发症,这时候她们可能会犹豫是否去医院,直到并发症发展得更为严重时,才会迫不得已去看医生。

与此同时,印度的四家医院也报告了在疫情封锁期间死产率的大幅度上升,而与尼泊尔一样,在COVID-19大流行期间,去医院接受紧急怀孕护理的妇女人数下降了三分之二。此外,苏格兰是少数几个每月整理死产和婴儿死亡数据的地区之一,数据也表明,在大流行的几个月里,死产率有所上升。

对此,研究者表示,这意味着更多的分娩是在无专业医生照料的情况下进行的,例如在家中或者小诊所。

COVID-19大流行中断了相关的妊娠服务

在正常情况下,世界卫生组织(WHO)建议妇女在怀孕期间至少接受8次医疗专业人员的检查,即使在怀孕被判定为低风险的情况下,以此及时发现和处理可能伤害母亲、婴儿的问题。

如果孕妇在孕期停止吸烟、怀孕28周后侧身睡觉,并在婴儿活动减少时通知助产士或医生,就可以避免大部分死产风险。在妊娠的最后三个月进行定期的健康检查是特别重要的,并且妇女通常要监测危险因素,如胎儿生长受限和妊娠期间的高血压。

实际上,当大流行发生时,孕产妇保健专业机构建议以远程预约替代一些面对面的咨询,以保护孕产妇免受新冠病毒感染。

然而,南澳大利亚大学的助产专家Jane Warland却表示:“医疗工作者不能远程测量某人的血压、听他们宝宝的心跳或做超声波。因此,有些高风险怀孕可能会被遗漏,尤其是在第一次怀孕的母亲中,她们不太可能知道异常是什么感觉。”

如今,随着新冠疫情的蔓延,不少第三世界国家也在遭受COVID-19大流行破坏。因此,许多孕产妇保健工作人员不得不转向前线抗疫,孕产妇可获得的产前保健服务也大大减少。

COVID-19大流行与人类生育率和孕妇生育健康

此前,本公众号一直在关注COVID-19大流行对人类生育率及生育健康的影响。7月份,我们报道了意大利博科尼大学研究人员在 Science 上发表的题为:The COVID-19 pandemic and human fertility 的文章。

这项研究表明COVID-19大流行或将不再带来“婴儿潮”,甚至会导致世界生育率进一步下降。

随后,8月份,本公众号盘点了近半年来一些有关新冠疫情对人类生育率、孕妇健康以及胎儿发育的影响的研究论文。

这些研究无不表明,新冠疫情对人类生育的影响比我们之前想象中的要大得多!包括对生育欲望、孕妇死亡率以及胎儿发育等方面的危害。

由此看来,COVID-19大流行对人类生育、孕妇健康以及胎儿存活密切相关。因此,人类在抗击新冠病毒的同时,也要注意对孕产妇等弱势群体的保护。

结语

总而言之,这篇发表在Nature News上的文章表明,在COVID-19大流行期间,由于社区封锁措施的实行,孕产妇获取产前检测及相关的妊娠服务的途径变少,导致在全球范围内死产率出现急剧上升的趋势,尤其是在中低收入国家。

因此,充分了解COVID-19大流行对怀孕的影响是十分有意义的,未来的研究应当注重评估疫情期间孕妇选择不去医院而在家中或小诊所分娩的潜在风险,并实施相应措施从而减小新冠疫情对孕产妇乃至人类生育的负面影响!

原始出处:

Clare Watson.Stillbirth rate rises dramatically during pandemic.Nature. 2020 Sep 15. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-02618-5.PMID: 32934376 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-02618-5

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    2021-04-10 liye789132251
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884661, encodeId=8a9e188466192, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Apr 10 19:40:00 CST 2021, time=2021-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1371389, encodeId=e37913e1389cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79a7695819a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生育率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69581, encryptionId=79a7695819a, topicName=生育率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d01326, createdName=lizhou0204, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 01:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1583398, encodeId=98d11583398c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=12fb6339120' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死产#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63391, encryptionId=12fb6339120, topicName=死产)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c43916977494, createdName=小小小向日葵, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 01:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886757, encodeId=6ad6886e578f, content=这充分说明做好围产期保健的重要性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bd3a2173825, createdName=1205a032m39(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Sep 19 23:58:41 CST 2020, time=2020-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886437, encodeId=ccf888643e30, content=😭, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200918/133985b200ad44c386bfd27aa18100b5/cbb14ae7b1304dd59e34783b3c9b826d.jpg, createdBy=3dd05414640, createdName=ms4000000956890434, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 18:28:06 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886409, encodeId=ade7886409a9, content=目测还有几个月将迎来生育高峰<a href='/topic/show?id=46ce580e865' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠肺炎#</a>🤣🤪, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58078, encryptionId=46ce580e865, topicName=新冠肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210607/9f00a0de660e4b36b77a9a5f7620d6bf/98c22b17ddf7446fa7b9a618fabcb9f7.jpg, createdBy=a8fb2299762, createdName=Psycho.Dr Du, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 16:32:01 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1028569, encodeId=cf291028569cb, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 13:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886345, encodeId=6a0e886345bd, content=先收了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b972455532, createdName=1240394fm61暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 11:16:31 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-19 1205a032m39(暂无昵称)

    这充分说明做好围产期保健的重要性

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884661, encodeId=8a9e188466192, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Apr 10 19:40:00 CST 2021, time=2021-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1371389, encodeId=e37913e1389cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79a7695819a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生育率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69581, encryptionId=79a7695819a, topicName=生育率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d01326, createdName=lizhou0204, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 01:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1583398, encodeId=98d11583398c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=12fb6339120' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死产#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63391, encryptionId=12fb6339120, topicName=死产)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c43916977494, createdName=小小小向日葵, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 01:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886757, encodeId=6ad6886e578f, content=这充分说明做好围产期保健的重要性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bd3a2173825, createdName=1205a032m39(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Sep 19 23:58:41 CST 2020, time=2020-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886437, encodeId=ccf888643e30, content=😭, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200918/133985b200ad44c386bfd27aa18100b5/cbb14ae7b1304dd59e34783b3c9b826d.jpg, createdBy=3dd05414640, createdName=ms4000000956890434, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 18:28:06 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886409, encodeId=ade7886409a9, content=目测还有几个月将迎来生育高峰<a href='/topic/show?id=46ce580e865' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠肺炎#</a>🤣🤪, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58078, encryptionId=46ce580e865, topicName=新冠肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210607/9f00a0de660e4b36b77a9a5f7620d6bf/98c22b17ddf7446fa7b9a618fabcb9f7.jpg, createdBy=a8fb2299762, createdName=Psycho.Dr Du, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 16:32:01 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1028569, encodeId=cf291028569cb, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 13:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886345, encodeId=6a0e886345bd, content=先收了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b972455532, createdName=1240394fm61暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 11:16:31 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-18 ms4000000956890434

    😭

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884661, encodeId=8a9e188466192, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Apr 10 19:40:00 CST 2021, time=2021-04-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1371389, encodeId=e37913e1389cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=79a7695819a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#生育率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69581, encryptionId=79a7695819a, topicName=生育率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1d01326, createdName=lizhou0204, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 01:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1583398, encodeId=98d11583398c8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=12fb6339120' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#死产#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63391, encryptionId=12fb6339120, topicName=死产)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c43916977494, createdName=小小小向日葵, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 01:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886757, encodeId=6ad6886e578f, content=这充分说明做好围产期保健的重要性, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bd3a2173825, createdName=1205a032m39(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Sep 19 23:58:41 CST 2020, time=2020-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886437, encodeId=ccf888643e30, content=😭, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200918/133985b200ad44c386bfd27aa18100b5/cbb14ae7b1304dd59e34783b3c9b826d.jpg, createdBy=3dd05414640, createdName=ms4000000956890434, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 18:28:06 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886409, encodeId=ade7886409a9, content=目测还有几个月将迎来生育高峰<a href='/topic/show?id=46ce580e865' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠肺炎#</a>🤣🤪, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58078, encryptionId=46ce580e865, topicName=新冠肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210607/9f00a0de660e4b36b77a9a5f7620d6bf/98c22b17ddf7446fa7b9a618fabcb9f7.jpg, createdBy=a8fb2299762, createdName=Psycho.Dr Du, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 16:32:01 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1028569, encodeId=cf291028569cb, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 13:40:00 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=886345, encodeId=6a0e886345bd, content=先收了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4b972455532, createdName=1240394fm61暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Sep 18 11:16:31 CST 2020, time=2020-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-18 Psycho.Dr Du

    目测还有几个月将迎来生育高峰#新冠肺炎#🤣🤪

    0

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    2020-09-18 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2020-09-18 1240394fm61暂无昵称

    先收了

    0

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