medRixv:致死率提高82%!这些新冠变异毒株会成为下一个Delta吗?

2021-08-18 生物探索 生物探索

变异毒株的不确定性,使得监测 SARS-CoV-2 病毒多样性、新变种的流行病学特征和疾病严重程度显得尤为重要

当前,新冠病毒变异毒株 Delta 席卷全球,另一变异毒株 Lambda 也已蔓延至41个国家和地区,这一切都在表明,新冠病毒的任何一种变异毒株或许都有可能成为下一个 Delta,因此,为了预防全球再次因为新的新冠病毒变种而卷起风浪,对任何一种变异毒株的研究都不能懈怠。

Beta:更易引发重症,免疫逃逸程度最高

近日,Nature 发表了题为“Remember Beta? New data reveal variant’s deadly powers”的评论文章,引发了人们对 Beta 变种的关注。

Beta(B.1.351) 变种最早是在2020年5月被发现于南非,曾在2020年年底在当地引发了第二波新冠疫情并扩散至全球。一些证据表明,Beta 引起的南非第二波疫情期间,COVID-19 的重症病例比第一波时期更为常见。

为了确定Beta 是否与重症病例增加有关,康奈尔大学的流行病学专家们对卡塔尔的 Beta 感染者进行了研究,并将Beta 与Alpha 进行了比对分析。研究文章以“Severity, criticality, and fatality of the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant”为题目发表在预印本平台 medRixv 上。

研究结果显示,与 Alpha 变种相比,Beta 变种感染导致的重症风险高 24%,发展至需要重症监护的可能性高 49%,死亡风险高 57%。而这与当时在卡塔尔当地的观察相符,随着卡塔尔的 Beta 感染的扩散与激增,急诊住院人数翻了一番,ICU 住院人数和死亡人数翻了两番。

即使随着 Delta 变种的超强传播,Beta 变种现在在它曾经占主导地位的许多地方逐渐消失,但是,其研究作者 Abu-Raddad 指出,与其他变体(包括 Delta)相比,Beta 对疫苗和患者先前感染所产生的免疫力更具抵抗力,免疫逃逸程度较高,有可能会卷土重来,再次造成严重破坏。

而在此前Novavax新冠疫苗在南非二期临床试验时,似乎也验证了这一说法,在安慰剂组,以前是否感染过新冠对在试验过程中感染新冠的风险没有明显影响,显示Beta株存在严重的免疫逃逸,康复者的自然免疫力对该突变株有效性有限。

Iota:老年人致死率最高将提升82%

近日,美国纽约卫生部的研究团队在预印本平台 medRixv 发布最新研究“Epidemiological characteristics of the B.1.526 SARS-CoV-2 variant”,对新冠病毒变种 B.1.526的流行病学特征进行了分析。

B.1.526 是世界卫生组织归纳为待观察类别(VOI)的变异毒株,标签名为Iota,最早于2020年11月起源于美国,并迅速成为纽约市地区的主要变体,在美国52个州和其他至少27个国家或地区检测到了它的存在,由于缺乏广泛的基因组测序和接触者追踪数据,其关键的流行病学特征尚未得到很好的表征。

研究通过建立多变量模型,对 Iota 变种进行了追根溯源。结果显示,Iota 的传播率比以前传播的变种高约 15-25%,免疫逃逸率增加 0-10%,更重要的是,它显着增加了老年人的感染致死风险,45-64岁群体中,其感染致死风险增加了46%,65-64岁人群中,感染致死风险提升到了82%,而在75岁以上人群中,则增加了62%。

Iota 变种的传播性和免疫逃逸特性变化

庆幸的是,世卫组织针对这一研究进行了回应,目前共统计到2.8万例 Iota 变异毒株感染病例,其中超2.7万例发生在美国,因此目前并不会构成严重威胁,而未来是否会造成大规模伤害,有待进一步研究。

除了以上两种变种外,此前在巴西成为主流变异毒株的Gamma(P.1),如今已经在75个国家存在感染记录,即使在智利的真实世界数据显示,Gamma在当地的流行并未影响疫苗的保护作用,科兴疫苗在当地的保护效力达到了65.9%,辉瑞疫苗的保护效力达到了92.6%,但是其病例占比仍然不容忽视。

因此,变异毒株的不确定性,使得监测 SARS-CoV-2 病毒多样性、新变种的流行病学特征和疾病严重程度显得尤为重要,人类与新冠病毒的对决将会是一场持久攻坚战,不对任何一种变异毒株放松警惕,或许就能阻止导致严重后果的新冠病毒突变的出现。

原始出处:

Wan Yang, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of the B.1.526 SARS-CoV-2 variant. medRixv, 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.02.21261465.

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    2022-06-28 axin009
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    2021-08-18 仓央嘉措

    引用的图片只显示了Iota 变种的传播性和免疫逃逸特性,并没有提及题目中的致死率,没有之前的对比,吸引眼球

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1941799, encodeId=f7621941e996f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aaa686456e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致死率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86456, encryptionId=aaa686456e2, topicName=致死率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ad8182, createdName=axin009, createdTime=Tue Jun 28 23:24:27 CST 2022, time=2022-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342879, encodeId=590113428e9d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34cb381023e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38102, encryptionId=34cb381023e, topicName=变异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=78c32500188, createdName=12498dabm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Aug 20 06:24:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611227, encodeId=4816161122e6a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Aug 20 06:24:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009240, encodeId=97dd100924075, content=引用的图片只显示了Iota 变种的传播性和免疫逃逸特性,并没有提及题目中的致死率,没有之前的对比,吸引眼球, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210818/fb5e13970d3f4b33ad2f87e78533b788/2bf64a46b2af4889a9670b2c45628c79.jpg, createdBy=b99c5577202, createdName=仓央嘉措, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 20:14:23 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009209, encodeId=cfcf1009209d6, content=学习了 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210811/0c6eb4f5fee8448087495d56e0d2ae29/a6db9aa5bc1e46fca976ef34024b8bd1.jpg, createdBy=af7a5463863, createdName=鹅不吃草, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 18:35:22 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1029878, encodeId=1a4c10298e86b, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 18:24:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009149, encodeId=0320100914903, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=3, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=c48a5011520, createdName=28347049, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 15:30:38 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-18 鹅不吃草

    学习了

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1941799, encodeId=f7621941e996f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aaa686456e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致死率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86456, encryptionId=aaa686456e2, topicName=致死率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ad8182, createdName=axin009, createdTime=Tue Jun 28 23:24:27 CST 2022, time=2022-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342879, encodeId=590113428e9d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34cb381023e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38102, encryptionId=34cb381023e, topicName=变异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=78c32500188, createdName=12498dabm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Aug 20 06:24:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611227, encodeId=4816161122e6a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Aug 20 06:24:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009240, encodeId=97dd100924075, content=引用的图片只显示了Iota 变种的传播性和免疫逃逸特性,并没有提及题目中的致死率,没有之前的对比,吸引眼球, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210818/fb5e13970d3f4b33ad2f87e78533b788/2bf64a46b2af4889a9670b2c45628c79.jpg, createdBy=b99c5577202, createdName=仓央嘉措, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 20:14:23 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009209, encodeId=cfcf1009209d6, content=学习了 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210811/0c6eb4f5fee8448087495d56e0d2ae29/a6db9aa5bc1e46fca976ef34024b8bd1.jpg, createdBy=af7a5463863, createdName=鹅不吃草, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 18:35:22 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1029878, encodeId=1a4c10298e86b, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 18:24:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009149, encodeId=0320100914903, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=3, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=c48a5011520, createdName=28347049, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 15:30:38 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-18 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1941799, encodeId=f7621941e996f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aaa686456e2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致死率#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86456, encryptionId=aaa686456e2, topicName=致死率)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0ad8182, createdName=axin009, createdTime=Tue Jun 28 23:24:27 CST 2022, time=2022-06-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1342879, encodeId=590113428e9d1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34cb381023e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#变异#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=19, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38102, encryptionId=34cb381023e, topicName=变异)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=78c32500188, createdName=12498dabm77暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Aug 20 06:24:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611227, encodeId=4816161122e6a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Aug 20 06:24:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009240, encodeId=97dd100924075, content=引用的图片只显示了Iota 变种的传播性和免疫逃逸特性,并没有提及题目中的致死率,没有之前的对比,吸引眼球, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210818/fb5e13970d3f4b33ad2f87e78533b788/2bf64a46b2af4889a9670b2c45628c79.jpg, createdBy=b99c5577202, createdName=仓央嘉措, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 20:14:23 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009209, encodeId=cfcf1009209d6, content=学习了 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210811/0c6eb4f5fee8448087495d56e0d2ae29/a6db9aa5bc1e46fca976ef34024b8bd1.jpg, createdBy=af7a5463863, createdName=鹅不吃草, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 18:35:22 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1029878, encodeId=1a4c10298e86b, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 18:24:27 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1009149, encodeId=0320100914903, content=赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=3, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=c48a5011520, createdName=28347049, createdTime=Wed Aug 18 15:30:38 CST 2021, time=2021-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-18 28347049

    0

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