Nat Commun:张力/吴逵团队破解EB病毒相关肺淋巴上皮瘤样癌基因组密码

2019-07-17 Zack 肿瘤资讯

肺淋巴上皮瘤样癌(Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma,LELC)是一种非常罕见而独特的肺原发肿瘤,主要流行于东南亚地区及中国南方。在形态学上,肺LELC与鼻咽癌非常相似,癌巢也具有大量的淋巴细胞浸润。其它临床病理学特征包括:多数患者不吸烟、中位年龄小,在流行区域内与EB病毒感染密切有关。非鳞癌常见的EGFR基因突变及ALK基因融合在肺LELC中几乎检测不到。在2015

肺淋巴上皮瘤样癌(Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma,LELC)是一种非常罕见而独特的肺原发肿瘤,主要流行于东南亚地区及中国南方。在形态学上,肺LELC与鼻咽癌非常相似,癌巢也具有大量的淋巴细胞浸润。其它临床病理学特征包括:多数患者不吸烟、中位年龄小,在流行区域内与EB病毒感染密切有关。非鳞癌常见的EGFR基因突变及ALK基因融合在肺LELC中几乎检测不到。在2015年更新版的WHO肺部肿瘤分型系统中,肺LELC从大细胞癌中被挪到未分类癌中。那么,肺LELC神秘面纱下到底隐藏了多少秘密呢?

2019年7月16日,中山大学肿瘤防治中心张力课题组与深圳华大生命科学研究院吴逵课题组合作在Nature Communications杂志发表题为“The Genomic Landscape of Epstein-Barr virus- associated pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma”的研究论文,揭示了肺LELC的基因组学特征及其潜在的致癌机制。

在研究中,研究人员通过全外显子测序和深度靶向测序技术,发现肺LELC的突变负荷非常低,中位值只有1.2个突变/Mb。其中,突变标签2普遍存在于肺LELC中。突变标签2被认为是与AID/APOBEC家族蛋白的过度活化相关。而APOBEC家族是一类重要的抗病毒蛋白,它的活化反映了肺LELC在成瘤过程中伴随出现的天然免疫反应。肺LELC中,最常见的体细胞突变发生在以下基因:TP53,NOTCH1,TRAF3,PTPRD,MGA,LAMA4和KMT2C。而EGFR、KRAS、BRAF等基因在肺LELC没有检测到突变。这些结果提示其它肺癌亚型常见的驱动基因突变并没有在肺LELC的癌变过程中起作用。

通过进一步的研究,研究人员发现肺LELC存在大量的基因拷贝数改变。首先在染色体水平上,14q和16q缺失导致一系列NF-kappaB信号通路负性调节因子的失活,包括:TRAF3 [14q32.3,80%],NFKBIA[14q13,52%],NLRC5 [16q13,52%]和CYLD [16q12.1,48%]。12号染色体扩增见于48%的病例中,可导致包括MAPK、JAK/STAT和细胞周期等信号通路的活化。区域水平上,11q13.3(包含了CCND1基因)扩增和9p21.3缺失(包含了Ⅰ型干扰素[IFN]基因,CDKN2A/B,MTAP)尤为显著。CCND1基因扩增可能导致肿瘤细胞不受控地增殖;而Ⅰ型IFN基因缺失,影响了抗病毒天然免疫反应,也与荒漠型免疫微环境相关(研究人员发现9p21.3缺失的肿瘤中CD8+ T淋巴细胞显著减少),此外,9p21.3缺失还与更差的总生存期相关。 

通过聚类分析,研究者发现在肺LELC中,发生显著变异的信号通路包括NF-kappaB、JAK/STAT和细胞周期。尤为特别的是,这三个信号通路与EB病毒相关蛋白—LMP1存在互相排斥的关系,提示癌症相关信号通路改变和病毒感染是两个相对独立的致癌原因。这为肺LELC的精准分型以及未来的个体化治疗提供了依据。

最后,研究者从多个维度揭示了肺LELC与鼻咽癌的高度相似性,包括肿瘤突变负荷、EB病毒序列、体细胞基因突变、基因拷贝数改变以及信号通路改变等。研究这还分析了一组接受一线化疗的晚期肺LELC的临床数据,发现鼻咽癌的化疗方案(吉西他滨+铂类)显著优于肺腺癌的化疗方案(培美曲塞+铂类),从临床治疗角度进一步佐证了肺LELC与鼻咽癌相似。



总体而言,该研究描绘了迄今为止最为详尽、规模最大的EB病毒感染相关肺癌的基因图谱。该图谱不仅揭示了肺LELC是独特的肺癌亚型,还证实了肺LELC与鼻咽癌高度相似,可以称得上长在肺里的鼻咽癌!这些研究结果为进一步了解肺LELC的致癌机制和发掘肺LELC新的治疗靶点提供了重要的实验数据。

据悉,中山大学肿瘤防治中心肿瘤内科洪少东博士、深圳华大生命科学研究院的刘栋兵助理研究员和罗淑贞助理研究员、中山大学肿瘤防治中心内科方文峰副主任医师为本文的共同第一作者。中山大学肿瘤防治中心张力教授与深圳华大生命科学研究院吴逵副研究员为本文的共同通讯作者。本研究受国家重点研发计划(2016YFC0905500, 2016YFC0905503)、国家自然科学基金、中山大学优秀青年人才项目、广东省科技计划项目、深圳市科技计划项目和云南省科技计划项目等资助,张力教授为本项目的首席科学家。

原始出处:
Shaodong Hong, Dongbing Liu, et al. The genomic landscape of Epstein-Barr virus-associated pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. Nature Communications. Jul 2019.

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    2019-11-09 zhmscau
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    2019-08-31 liuli5079
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    2020-05-28 liye789132251
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    2019-07-18 医者仁心5538

    学习了

    0