Nat Immunol :抑制MEK可将CD8+T细胞重编程为抗肿瘤型记忆干细胞

2020-11-30 张佳兴 生物探索

近年来,随着对肿瘤的基础研究不断增多和深入,应用于临床的肿瘤治疗方案层出不穷。靶向治疗和免疫治疗都是基于基础研究获得的致力于精准医疗的治疗方法。

近年来,随着对肿瘤的基础研究不断增多和深入,应用于临床的肿瘤治疗方案层出不穷。靶向治疗和免疫治疗都是基于基础研究获得的致力于精准医疗的治疗方法。

但免疫治疗在临床应用中收到了诸多限制,其中之一便是效应性T细胞的缺乏导致持久性较弱,治疗无法达到预期效果。因此,迫切需要开发能够克服这些限制的试剂。近年来,T细胞代谢及其效应功能与衰竭发展之间的机械联系已成为癌症患者的重要治疗靶点。在肿瘤微环境(TME)中,持续的促有丝分裂刺激诱导效应细胞过度分裂,产生衰竭的表型,表现为效应细胞功能减弱,并损害免疫记忆的产生。

以往的研究表明,MEK抑制剂(MEKi)增强了过继T细胞转移疗法(ACT)的抗肿瘤效果。MEKi发挥作用部分是通过增加肿瘤免疫原性和调节TME来介导的。然而,MEKi对T细胞功能及其分化和记忆产生的影响却知之甚少。

2020年11月23日,美国乔治敦大学SamirN. Khleif小组在《自然—免疫学》杂志上在线发表文章,研究了MEK抑制剂在CD8+ T细胞代谢重编程和细胞周期进展中的作用,以及其对TME的免疫调节作用,揭示了MEK抑制剂可将CD8+T淋巴细胞重编程为具有强大抗肿瘤作用的记忆干细胞

研究人员首先在小鼠模型上做了验证,即在携带特异性抗原TC-1(HPV16E7)和B16F10 (gp100)的小鼠肿瘤模型中测试了MEK1/2抑制剂的免疫效果。之后他们评估了MEKi对TME效应细胞中的p-MEK1/2和p-ERK1/2的表达。结果发现,尽管接种动物的MEKi治疗显着降低了TME的p-MEK1/2+和p-ERK1/2+ CD8+ T细胞的频率,但总的和抗原特异性CD8+ T细胞显着增加。大量抗原特异性CD8+ T细胞表达颗粒酶B,表明MEKi导致TME功能性抗原特异性效应细胞的扩增。这些数据表明,MEK抑制增强了效应CD8+ T细胞的肿瘤浸润,防止衰竭并保持效应CD8+ T细胞处于激活状态。

接着,研究人员基于代谢组学探究了MEK1/2抑制对T细胞代谢的影响。首先观察了TME中 CD8+T细胞的线粒体质量,与对照动物相比,经MEKi处理的接种动物的线粒体质量显着增加。形态学上,MEKi处理的细胞具有致密的线粒体和紧密堆积的嵴,表明完整的氧化还原机制和增强的呼吸能力。这些数据证明了代谢适应性的增强和MEKi处理的CD8+ T细胞对线粒体呼吸的依赖更大。随后,他们测试了葡萄糖和脂肪酸(FAs)作为MEKi处理的CD8+ T细胞线粒体呼吸底物的相对贡献,发现在MEKi处理后的CD8+ T细胞,葡萄糖没有被优先用作产生能量的底物。而CPT1a(FAO 20的限速酶)的表达增加,BODIPY(一种亲脂性探针,作为脂质摄取的指标)的摄取增加,因此显示MEKi处理的CD8+ T细胞对FAs的摄取增加。

此外,参与线粒体生物合成的蛋白PGC1α的显着增加证实了MEK抑制增强了CD8+ T细胞的代谢。众所周知,MEK1/2、ERK1/2和细胞周期蛋白D1参与将外部促有丝分裂信号与细胞内代谢蛋白联系起来,包括PGC1α和SIRT3。研究人员发现,MEK抑制降低了p-ERK1/2和细胞周期蛋白D1的表达,相应地增加了PGC1α的表达。

MEKi处理的CD8+ T细胞的代谢组学和脂质组学分析

之后,他们还观察到,与原始细胞不同,MEKi治疗组中的细胞显示出高增殖能力、Sca1的较高表达和较低的线粒体电位,此外还具有较高的记忆性和活化性标记物。而且在MEKi处理的CD8+ T细胞中,与增加的自我更新能力、延长的存活和减少的细胞凋亡相关的Krupple样因子2 (KLF2)的表达被上调,其也显示减少的细胞凋亡,从而表明TSCM的生成。这些TSCM细胞与中央型记忆性(TCM)细胞不同,具有更高的自我更新能力、多能性和增殖能力,以及更高的效应基因甲基化。

最后,研究人员测试了MEK1/2抑制对人CD8+ T细胞中TSCM细胞生成的影响。结果表明,与Tnaive细胞不同,TSCM细胞具有更低的效应基因甲基化和Tcf7开放位点。这些MEKi诱导的TSCM细胞表现出强烈的细胞活化,高抗原特异性回忆反应和延长的生存期。

MEKi诱导人CD8+T细胞的干细胞记忆

总之,该研究证明了MEK1/2i通过对MAPK途径的抑制使效应CD8+ T细胞的代谢重编程从而诱导了强抗肿瘤活性。在初始抗原启动期间,MEK1/2i抑制细胞周期蛋白D1,通过调节ERK 1/2–细胞周期蛋白D1–PGC 1α–SIRT 3–FAO途径,延迟细胞周期进程并增强代谢适应性,从而促进干细胞样记忆(TSCM)细胞的产生。这些TSCM细胞与具有更高的自我更新能力、多能性和增殖能力,以及更高的效应基因甲基化,与Tnaive细胞相比,TSCM细胞具有更低的效应基因甲基化和Tcf7开放位点。因此,MEKi导致CD8+T细胞重编程形成TSCM,作为具有有效治疗特征的效应T细胞的储存库。

原始出处:

Vivek Verma, Nazli Jafarzadeh, Shannon Boi, et al.MEK inhibition reprograms CD8 + T lymphocytes into memory stem cells with potent antitumor effects.Nat Immunol. 2020 Nov 23. doi: 10.1038/s41590-020-00818-9. Online ahead of print.

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    2021-05-21 naiwu77
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    2021-05-24 gds2009
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    2021-08-21 liye789132251
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    2020-12-03 独孤立克

    干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦

    0

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    2020-11-30 Psycho.Dr Du

    靶向治疗和免疫治疗都是基于基础研究获得的致力于精准医疗的治疗方法。#免疫治疗#

    0

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