BMJ: 不同围术期干预措施对预防术后肺部并发症

2020-04-04 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

本项研究旨在评估有关不同围手术期的干预在减少成年非心脏手术成年患者术后肺部并发症(PPC)疗效的差异。

背景及目的: 本项研究旨在评估有关不同围手术期的干预在减少成年非心脏手术成年患者术后肺部并发症(PPC)疗效的差异。

方法: 本项研究为系统评价和荟萃分析。数据来源是 1990年1月至2017年12月的Medline,Embase,CINHAL和CENTRAL中关于非心脏手术随机对照试验研究。主要观察结果是PPC的发生率。次要结果是呼吸道感染,肺不张,住院时间长短和死亡率。试验序贯分析用于调查可用证据的可靠性和结论性。没有测量或比较干预措施的不良影响。

结果:共有117个研究符合本项研究,共招募了21940名参与者,调查了11种干预措施。荟萃分析包括95项随机对照试验,招募了18062名参与者。荟萃分析排除了22项试验,因为这些干预措施的相似度不足以进行汇总。没有发现高质量的证据可用于减少主要预后的干预措施(PPC的发生率)。7项干预措施的质量证据为中度或低度,其置信区间表明PPC可能降低:加速康复措施(风险比0.35,95%的置信区间0.21至0.58),预防性粘液溶解剂(0.40、95%的置信区间0.23至0.67),术后持续气道正压通气(0.49,95%的置信区间0.24至0.99),肺保护术中通气(0.52,95%的置信区间0.30至0.88),预防性呼吸物理治疗(0.55,95%的置信区间0.32至0.93),硬膜外镇痛(0.77,95%的置信区间0.65至0.92)和目标导向的血液动力学治疗(0.87,95%的置信区间0.77至0.98)。中等质量的证据表明,刺激肺活量不能预防PPC。试验性顺序分析调整有信心地支持了预防性呼吸物理治疗,硬膜外镇痛,增强的恢复途径和针对性的血流动力学疗法可将PPC的相对风险降低25%。本项研究证明了预防性呼吸物理治疗,硬膜外镇痛,加速康复理念和针对性的血流动力学疗法可将PPC的相对风险降低25%。

结论: 临床医生选择围术期的各种干预措施在降低术后肺部并发症方面并无差异。

原始出处:

Peter M Odor. Et al. Perioperative interventions for prevention of postoperative pulmonary complications: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ.2020.

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    2020-12-10 丁鹏鹏
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    2020-06-19 gaoxiaoe
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