Sci Transl Med:维生素E加速小鼠癌变

2014-03-17 中国科学报 中国科学报

在小鼠中进行的一项研究发现,两种常用的抗氧化剂——维生素E和一种名为N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)的化合物——能够加速肺癌的生长,而不是遏制这种疾病。 发表在最新出版的《科学—转化医学》上的这项研究成果可能与每天狼吞虎咽服用维生素E补充剂的数百万人的预期正好相 2005年公布的一项调查显示,大约11%的美国成年人会服用维生素E补充剂,其剂量为400国际单位(IU)或更高。而建议的每日摄入量为22.

在小鼠中进行的一项研究发现,两种常用的抗氧化剂——维生素E和一种名为N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)的化合物——能够加速肺癌的生长,而不是遏制这种疾病。

发表在最新出版的《科学—转化医学》上的这项研究成果可能与每天狼吞虎咽服用维生素E补充剂的数百万人的预期正好相

2005年公布的一项调查显示,大约11%的美国成年人会服用维生素E补充剂,其剂量为400国际单位(IU)或更高。而建议的每日摄入量为22.4IU。

通常认为维生素E和其他抗氧化剂可以防止体内某些活性化合物破坏细胞组件,包括DNA。由于DNA损伤与癌症有关,因此减少DNA损伤可能会阻止或延缓疾病的发生。

在动物以及人类小型临床试验中进行的研究支持这一结论,而更大型研究的结果并非如此。当抗氧化剂,如维生素E和β-胡萝卜素严格进行随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的临床试验时,其结果充其量也是模棱两可的。1994年对29133名男性吸烟者进行的研究甚至发现,那些服用β-胡萝卜素补充剂的受试者具有更高的肺癌发生率。

作为这项最新研究的合著者之一、瑞典歌德堡大学的分子生物学家Martin Bergo觟表示:“结果是喜忧参半的。”他说:“关键的信息是,它们不会降低癌症的风险,甚至可能在某些人群中增加罹患癌症的风险。”

Bergo觟及其同事Per Lindahl无意中卷入了一场有关抗氧化剂的辩论。该研究团队之前曾进行了一种能够罹患肺癌的转基因小鼠的试验,并决定用服用NAC的小鼠作为对照组。Lindahl说,如果有什么区别的话,他们认为NAC小鼠应该更慢一些患上肺癌。然而实际上,对照组的肿瘤发展速度却是预期的3倍。“真正的实验结果令人失望。”他说,“但对照组却引起了我们的兴趣。”

研究人员决定对此展开深入研究,并将他们的研究扩展到了另一种常用抗氧化剂——维生素E。研究人员向小鼠喂食了NAC或维生素E,其剂量是小鼠日常推荐剂量的5到50倍。

Lindahl指出,对于人类而言,其膳食补充剂的摄取量通常是日常推荐的维生素E摄入量的4到20倍。最终关于这两种抗氧化剂的结果是类似的:与没有接受治疗的小鼠相比,服用抗氧化剂小鼠的肿瘤生长速度是前者的3倍。同时,后者死于癌症的速度也是没有接受治疗小鼠的2倍。

用NAC或维生素E进行治疗也刺激了人类肺癌细胞在培养环境中的生长。研究人员发现,在两种小鼠模型和人类细胞中,抗氧化剂似乎能够通过减少DNA损伤的数量从而保护癌细胞。

反过来,一种名为p53的蛋白质的表达则出现了减少。p53通常被称为“基因组的守护者”,能够抑制肿瘤生长,并被受损的DNA所激活。

原始出处

Sayin VI1, Ibrahim MX, Larsson E, Nilsson JA, Lindahl P, Bergo MO.Antioxidants accelerate lung cancer progression in mice.Sci Transl Med. 2014 Jan 29

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    2014-10-01 bsmagic9140
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    2014-03-19 axin014
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