Diabetes Care:青少年成熟期糖尿病(MODY),不是1型,也不是2型糖尿病!

2021-10-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

单基因糖尿病可由破坏葡萄糖感应、胰岛素转录、传递胰岛素释放信号的KATP通道、胰岛素基因或胰腺发育的基因突变引起。

单基因糖尿病,包括青少年成熟期糖尿病(MODY),是由单一基因异常导致的糖尿病。单基因糖尿病可由破坏葡萄糖感应、胰岛素转录、传递胰岛素释放信号的KATP通道、胰岛素基因或胰腺发育的基因突变引起。正确诊断单基因糖尿病对管理、预测并发症和家族风险都有影响。

由肝细胞核因子(HNF)-1A和HNF-4A突变引起的MODY可通过口服磺酰脲治疗得到有效控制。由葡萄糖激酶(GCK)突变引起的MODY会导致轻度、稳定的高血糖,并发症风险低,通常不需要任何治疗,但可能对妊娠管理有影响。

由于MODY经常被误诊为1型或2型糖尿病。正确的诊断可能会导致临床治疗的改变,并影响并发症和家族风险的预测。为了评估临床诊断为2型糖尿病(T2D)的20岁以下多民族青年中MODY的发病率,来自佛蒙特大学儿科系小儿内分泌科的专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在Diabetes Care杂志上。

研究人员评估了临床诊断为T2D的青少年的全基因组序列数据。如果参与者携带的MODY基因变体根据目前的指南被归类为可能致病的(LP)或致病的(P),认为他们患有MODY。

结果在3333名参与者中,93人(2.8%)携带HNF4A(16人)、GCK(23人)、HNF1A(44人)、PDX1(5人)、INS(4人)和CEL(1人)的LP/P变体。与那些没有LP/P变体的人相比,患有MODY的青年在诊断时年龄较小(12.9±2.5岁与13.6±2.3岁),空腹C-肽水平较低(3.0±1.7与4.7±3.5纳克/毫升)。患有MODY的青年不太可能有高血压(6.9% vs. 19.5%),并且有较高的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(43.8 vs. 39.7 mg/dL)。

非MODY和MODY参与者以及非GCK和GCK MODY亚组的平均诊断年龄(A)、空腹C肽(B)、空腹总胆固醇(C)、甘油三酯(D)、低密度胆固醇(E)和高密度胆固醇(F)。

通过对所有MODY基因的编码区进行全面测序,该研究在2.8%的临床诊断为T2D的青少年中发现了MODY;重要的是,89%的具体诊断会改变临床管理。

 

参考文献:

Monogenic Diabetes in Youth With Presumed Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Progress in Diabetes Genetics in Youth (ProDiGY) Collaboration. Diabetes Care 2021 Oct; 44(10): 2312-2319. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0491

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