AIM:黄国英/严卫丽团队首次阐明母亲围孕期红细胞叶酸对子代先心病的保护作用

2022-08-25 复旦儿科医院 复旦儿科医院

先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,下称先心病)是最常见的出生缺陷,在活产新生儿中的发病率超过8‰[1],是5岁以下儿童重要死因之一[2]。黄国英团队于201

先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease,下称先心病)是最常见的出生缺陷,在活产新生儿中的发病率超过8‰[1],是5岁以下儿童重要死因之一[2]。黄国英团队于2014年创建了“新生儿先心病双指标筛查方案”[1, 3],联合应用血氧饱和度和心脏杂音两项指标实现了急需干预的新生儿危重先心病的早期筛查。至此,我国先心病的二级预防(产前筛查和干预)和三级预防(出生后早期筛查和处理)趋于完善。然而,阐明先心病可改变的重要发病原因仍然是解决一级预防的瓶颈问题。大多数先心病属于复杂性疾病,其发病涉及遗传、环境以及二者之间的互作关系[4]。许多资料显示,围孕期叶酸摄入不足可能导致子代先心病风险增加,但有关母体叶酸与子代先心病关系的研究大多采用血清叶酸作为围孕期或妊娠期母亲叶酸状态,由于血清叶酸水平受到的影响因素较多故并不能反映体内稳定的叶酸水平,因此不同的研究之间常常得出不一致的结论。

为了解决这一问题,复旦大学附属儿科医院,中国人类表型组研究协作组(HPCC)委员黄国英教授和严卫丽教授团队建立了一个从孕前开始的大型的前瞻性队列(上海孕前亲子队列SPCC),采用母亲红细胞叶酸浓度这个WHO推荐的叶酸内暴露金标准测量,观察其在先心病发病关键窗口期的水平与子代先心病的关系,他们选择197 例先心病患儿的母亲与788例对照构成了巢式病例—对照研究样本,采用传统病例对照分析联合被称为“大自然的随机试验”的孟德尔随机化设计,系统地分析了围孕期母亲红细胞叶酸浓度与子代先心病的关系。国际顶级学术期刊Annals of Internal Medicine(内科学年鉴,JCR Q1区,影响因子 51.598)近日在线发表了该团队的研究论文“Periconception Red Blood Cell Folate and Offspring Congenital Heart Disease: Nested Case-Control and Mendelian Randomization Studies”[5]。该研究首次阐明了母亲围孕期红细胞叶酸对子代先心病的保护作用,为通过叶酸增补实现先心病的有效预防提供了高质量的证据。

 

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 该项研究发现母体红细胞叶酸每升高 100nmol/L 与子代先心病风险降低 7% 相关,红细胞叶酸浓度高于WHO推荐的预防神经管畸形的906 nmol/L浓度界值对于预防先心病具有额外的获益(P for trend=0.007),可使人群先心病发生率降低51.3%。孟德尔随机化研究结果支持母亲红细胞叶酸浓度与子代先心病的因果关联。

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该项研究成果具有重大的公共卫生意义。围孕期增补叶酸预防神经管畸形的价值已经得到广泛的认可和推广应用,孕前3个月每天补充0.4 mg叶酸可使子代神经管畸形的发生减少50%~70% [7]。然而,该课题组先前的另一项研究发现,在上海这个全国经济文化最发达的城市,孕前规律增补叶酸的人低于三成,有超过 90% 的备孕妇女红细胞叶酸水平未能达到 906 nmol/L [6]。这个现状须引起政策制定者、妇幼保健医务工作者和公众的高度重视。由于先心病发生于胚胎早期,而通过补充剂提高红细胞叶酸浓度至推荐标准需要2-3个月,因此,叶酸增补需从孕前开始,这样才能有效预防先心病的发生。该研究成果为制定先心病一级预防策略提供了重要的科学依据和参考。该研究还观察到母体叶酸对子代先心病的保护作用可能存在阈值范围,因此,下一步的研究将结合有关叶酸与其他母子临床结局的研究证据,探索可有效预防先心病且不增加其他不良健康结局发生的最佳红细胞叶酸水平,以及父亲叶酸水平与子代先心病发病的关系。

复旦大学附属儿科医院临床流行病学研究室陈红燕(博士后)、张羿(助理研究员)、以及心血管中心王定美(博士)为该论文共同第一作者,黄国英教授与严卫丽教授为共同通讯作者。该研究受到国家重点研发计划、国家自然科学基金、博士后基金以及中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程等项目的资助。

参考资料:

1. Zhao QM, Ma XJ, Ge XL, et al. Pulse oximetry with clinical assessment to screen for congenital heart disease in neonates in China: a prospective study. Lancet 2014, 384(9945): 747-754.

2.  Mahle WT, Newburger JW, Matherne GP, et al. Role of pulse oximetry in examining newborns for congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics. Circulation 2009, 120(5): 447-458.

3. Hu XJ, Ma XJ, Zhao QM, et al. Pulse Oximetry and Auscultation for Congenital Heart Disease Detection. Pediatrics 2017, 140(4).

4. Liu Y, Chen S, Zühlke L, et al. Global birth prevalence of congenital heart defects 1970-2017: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of 260 studies. Int J Epidemiol. 2019;48:455-463.

5. Chen H, Zhang Y, Wang D, et al. Periconception red blood cell folate and offspring congenital heart disease: nested case-control and Mendelian randomization studies. Ann Intern Med. 2022; 175: xxx-xxx.

6. Li M, Chen X, Zhang Y, et al. RBC folate and serum folate, vitamin B-12, and homocysteine in Chinese couples prepregnancy in the Shanghai Preconception Cohort. J Nutri. 2022:nxac050.

7. 张学, 朱宝生等编著. 重大出生缺陷与精准预防. 上海交通大学出版社:上海, 2020.

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    2023-03-09 楚钟
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    2022-08-26 ssnine
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