哪几种胆囊必须切?

2017-11-09 佚名 超声

胆囊切除是普外科最常见的手术之一,当然,这离不开胆囊疾病的高发,胆囊疾病主要包括结石、息肉、癌等,但是并不是所有的胆囊疾病都需要切除胆囊,比如小编的某位领导已携胆囊结石息肉生存多年,大鱼大肉仍未见异常,这里,我们就来说说哪些胆囊是“要不得的”。

胆囊切除是普外科最常见的手术之一,当然,这离不开胆囊疾病的高发,胆囊疾病主要包括结石、息肉、癌等,但是并不是所有的胆囊疾病都需要切除胆囊,比如小编的某位领导已携胆囊结石息肉生存多年,大鱼大肉仍未见异常,这里,我们就来说说哪些胆囊是“要不得的”。

首先,我们要知道,胆汁是肝脏产生的,胆囊只是胆汁的储存器官,胆汁由肝脏产生后,在进入肠道的过程中进入胆囊,进行浓缩和储存,需要时通过胆囊收缩,进入小肠帮助消化食物,而进食的食物越油腻,一次性进入肠道的胆汁也就越多,这也就是为什么很多人认为,“胆囊有病的人吃不了肉”。



“要不得的胆囊”之一:曾反复发作胆囊炎的胆囊

胆囊炎的发作大部分是因为胆囊结石的存在堵住了胆囊出口,导致胆囊里的胆汁不能顺利排出,而把胆囊“憋大”,导致胆囊炎。此外,还有很小的一部分胆囊可以在没有结石的情况下发炎,称之为无结石性胆囊炎。

无论有没有结石,反复发作胆囊炎的结石都是要不得的,因为胆囊炎反复发作,要减少发作就需要少吃油腻,而有些病人在每天喝小米粥的情况下仍因为胆囊炎反复住院,严重影响生活质量,另一方面,胆囊炎症的反复发作导致胆囊壁逐渐增厚,加之结石反复摩擦胆囊壁,会增加胆囊癌的发生几率。

“要不得的胆囊”之二:可能或曾经引发胆管结石的胆囊

上面说到,胆囊炎的发生是因为结石堵在了胆囊出口,这些结石都是比较大的结石,而小一些的结石则可以顺利流出胆囊,然后堵在胆总管中。

这时,无论是肝脏分泌的胆汁,还是胆囊储存的胆汁,都无法流入小肠,那么这些胆汁就只有两条路可以走,一条路是返回胆囊,导致胆囊增大发炎,另一条路则是返回肝脏,然后通过肝脏里的细小胆管进入血液,导致人全身的皮肤眼睛发黄,称为“梗阻性黄疸”。

当然,胆总管结石首先导致的还是胆管炎,不同于胆囊炎,胆管炎常常导致高烧,甚至休克。一次胆总管结石发作可能只是胆囊里的一颗小结石落入了胆管,而这类病人胆囊内往往含有大量小结石,这些结石都可能再次落入胆管诱发胆管炎,因此,想要避免胆总管结石的反复发作,切除胆囊这个“结石仓库”才是根本。



“要不得的胆囊”之三:可能或曾经引发胆源性胰腺炎的胆囊

大的结石堵在胆囊出口,小一点的堵在胆总管,那么更小的呢?这样的结石称为“泥沙样结石”,他们可以顺利达到胆总管的开口,而胆总管的开口在十二指肠,旁边紧挨着的就是胰腺管道胰管的开口。

于是,接下来这些很小的结石可以更加“顺利”的进入胰管,诱发“胆源性胰腺炎”,显而易见,这类泥沙样结石的胆囊更是要不得。

“要不得的胆囊”之四:无功能的胆囊

一些病人虽然没有过胆囊炎发作,但是胆囊里已经全是结石(充满型结石),胆汁很少或几乎没有;或是由于胆囊壁过度增生增厚,导致胆囊腔几乎消失(胆囊腺肌症)。

对于这两种情况,由于胆囊几乎没有胆汁可以进入,胆囊没有了储存浓缩胆汁的功能,成为了“无功能胆囊”,若是继续留着,还可能会导致胆囊癌变,得不偿失。



“要不得的胆囊”之五:有息肉的胆囊

并不是所有的胆囊息肉都需要切除胆囊。胆囊多发息肉,单发息肉直径小于1cm、有蒂等情况往往提示良性病变,定期复查腹部超声即可。

一般来说,胆囊单发息肉,直径大于1cm,宽基底,或胆囊息肉随访过程中增大者,才是要切除胆囊的信号。

“要不得的胆囊”之六:高度怀疑恶变的胆囊

这个应该不用多说,对于怀疑或确定为恶性的胆囊病变,情况允许的话,当然是“能切就切”。

胆囊切了会怎样?

像之前说的,胆囊是胆汁的存储和浓缩器官,而不是分泌器官,所以,并不是“胆囊没有了就不能吃肉了”,胆囊切除后,饮食是完全可以和术前一样的。

胆囊切了以后,身体少了胆汁浓缩这一步骤,胆汁由肝脏直接进入肠道,因此胆囊切除后初期少部分人会出现一定程度的腹泻,然而人体具有良好的适应机制,往往一个月到几个月后,这种腹泻症状就会消失。

另外,近年来有研究提出,胆囊切除术后的患者结肠癌发病率较未切除人群高,但另一些研究则显示发病率的升高微乎其微或没有升高,总之,对于胆切除术后是否会提高结肠癌发病几率,目前还是一个悬而未决的问题。



胆囊结石必须切胆囊吗?

常常有病人会问,胆囊有结石,把结石取了不就好了吗,为什么一定要切胆囊?

事实上,确实是存在“保胆取石”这个治疗方式的,但是由于大多数胆囊结石不止一颗,单纯取石很难取干净,特别是细小的结石,甚至贴在胆囊壁上的结石,要取干净更是不可能的任务。

另外胆囊既然长了结石,即使取干净了结石,也极容易再次长出新的结石,而无论是结石摩擦还是多次取石对胆囊壁的刺激,都可能导致胆囊恶变。

由于上述原因,保胆取石术开展较为有限,且手术指征筛选十分严格。

以上只是胆囊切除指征的大体介绍,然而人是不会按照手术指征生病的,因此,胆囊是否需要切除,还是具体情况具体分析。

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    2017-11-10 周周人

    学习.

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    2017-11-10 明月清辉

    谢谢分享.学习了

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    2017-11-10 183****7028

    学习

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260220, encodeId=4bcf260220c5, content=学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 08:22:33 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260205, encodeId=6fea26020590, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 07:58:37 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260177, encodeId=24552601e730, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/iaAVWEsIJUkA1ITy3uL0lhHUhyaJibWgFtH4KbJuaLbY2WUK33jgCFyoZ8Eqx7eE7hCuZhytc1C5GRrfjVXN8lYg/0, createdBy=fcb82149579, createdName=183****7028, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 07:12:20 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260176, encodeId=eeba2601e67a, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=266d2148816, createdName=17720079e5m, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 07:03:27 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260164, encodeId=41db260164c6, content=好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 05:44:20 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260137, encodeId=8d6e26013e0a, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 00:43:25 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260111, encodeId=f3b526011167, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Thu Nov 09 23:58:34 CST 2017, time=2017-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-10 17720079e5m

    学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260220, encodeId=4bcf260220c5, content=学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 08:22:33 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260205, encodeId=6fea26020590, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 07:58:37 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260177, encodeId=24552601e730, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/iaAVWEsIJUkA1ITy3uL0lhHUhyaJibWgFtH4KbJuaLbY2WUK33jgCFyoZ8Eqx7eE7hCuZhytc1C5GRrfjVXN8lYg/0, createdBy=fcb82149579, createdName=183****7028, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 07:12:20 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260176, encodeId=eeba2601e67a, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=266d2148816, createdName=17720079e5m, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 07:03:27 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260164, encodeId=41db260164c6, content=好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 05:44:20 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260137, encodeId=8d6e26013e0a, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 00:43:25 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260111, encodeId=f3b526011167, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Thu Nov 09 23:58:34 CST 2017, time=2017-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-10 smartxiuxiu

    好!

    0

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    2017-11-10 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260220, encodeId=4bcf260220c5, content=学习., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/ajNVdqHZLLDcVAydhtcpjiaxLrZD7Eb5YnKPgf7ypGpfyl7FflFyAenvQLbib6T0LPXIhXo9SPNPXYYFFJbEgykztwJ0HQ61I3F9GxIVKWsgQ/0, createdBy=f38d2052407, createdName=周周人, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 08:22:33 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260205, encodeId=6fea26020590, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6Nx0VGA4QMDzOP8oAgnV4h51EjSfehJ9QxyiaSmw8PB56BhY8KXFSxHCibXrzcy4abrzSibXQPxJ9kzrLcJyhhB8a/0, createdBy=1d3b1672603, createdName=明月清辉, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 07:58:37 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260177, encodeId=24552601e730, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/iaAVWEsIJUkA1ITy3uL0lhHUhyaJibWgFtH4KbJuaLbY2WUK33jgCFyoZ8Eqx7eE7hCuZhytc1C5GRrfjVXN8lYg/0, createdBy=fcb82149579, createdName=183****7028, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 07:12:20 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260176, encodeId=eeba2601e67a, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=266d2148816, createdName=17720079e5m, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 07:03:27 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260164, encodeId=41db260164c6, content=好!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18741984753, createdName=smartxiuxiu, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 05:44:20 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260137, encodeId=8d6e26013e0a, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Fri Nov 10 00:43:25 CST 2017, time=2017-11-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=260111, encodeId=f3b526011167, content=谢谢分享.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Thu Nov 09 23:58:34 CST 2017, time=2017-11-09, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-11-09 清风拂面

    谢谢分享.学习了

    0

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