Nutrients :不吃早餐,晚餐太晚……不健康的饮食习惯可能引起“蛋白尿”

2020-11-15 探索菌 生物探索

近年来,慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患者的发病率、住院率均有明显升高,尤其是终末期肾脏疾病,其发病率为每年每百万人287例,而且需要肾脏替代疗法的患者人数还在持续增加。

近年来,慢性肾脏疾病(CKD)患者的发病率、住院率均有明显升高,尤其是终末期肾脏疾病,其发病率为每年每百万人287例,而且需要肾脏替代疗法的患者人数还在持续增加。CKD的主要原因包括糖尿病、高血压和肥胖,而这些都是由不良饮食习惯引起的。

目前,评估饮食与CKD之间关系的研究主要集中在营养摄入或营养平衡上。除此之外,近年来,包括进餐时间和进餐方式在内的饮食习惯也受到了关注。饮食习惯与生活方式相关的疾病有关,作为可改变的危险因素,了解这些不健康的饮食习惯对于治疗与生活方式有关的疾病(例如糖尿病或肥胖症)非常重要。

尽管引起代谢紊乱的不健康饮食习惯是CKD的潜在危险因素,但饮食习惯与CKD之间的关系尚未完全阐明。

最近,来自日本金泽大学附属医院的研究人员做了一项回顾性队列研究,旨在探讨不良饮食习惯与CKD的关键预后因素——蛋白尿发作之间的关系。相关研究成果发表在《Nutrients》杂志上。

蛋白尿,顾名思义,就是尿液中有蛋白质。正常尿液中含少量小分子蛋白,普通尿常规检查无法测出,当尿液中蛋白增加到尿常规检查可以测出时,即为蛋白尿。

在这项研究中,研究人员调查了1998年至2014年间在金泽市进行年度医学检查的超过2.6万名40岁以上的患者,平均随访期为3.4年。不健康饮食习惯的定义为:

晚餐太晚(每周3次或更多次在进餐后2小时内上床睡觉);
每周3次或3次以上不吃早餐;
快速饮食(比同年龄段的人吃饭要快);
夜宵(每周在晚餐后加餐3次或以上)。

参与者的平均年龄为68岁,其中44%是男性。基线特征显示,在所有不健康饮食习惯中,占比最多的是快速饮食(29%),其次是晚餐太晚(19%)、夜宵(16%)和不吃早餐(9%)。

参与者的基线特征

在随访期间内,有10.6%的参与者发展为尿蛋白,每年每1千人的发生率为32.7。

通过分析每种不健康饮食习惯的Kaplan-Meier曲线和蛋白尿发作的危险比,研究人员发现,在多变量调整后,晚餐太晚和不吃早餐的参与者蛋白尿发作的风险明显较高(分别为p = 0.016和p = 0.016)。但快速饮食和夜宵与蛋白尿发作的风险增加无关(分别为p = 0.994和p = 0.222)。

每种不健康饮食习惯的Kaplan-Meier曲线和蛋白尿发作的危险比

此外,对于任何类型的不健康饮食习惯,基线饮食习惯与每个基线变量,即年龄、性别和BMI之间的相互作用均不显着。在随访期间,不健康的饮食习惯与体重指数或腰围身高比的变化也无关。

值得注意的是,这并不是唯一一项报告晚餐太晚和不吃早餐与蛋白尿风险关系的研究。

早在2014年,一项观察性研究就报告了晚餐太晚和不吃早餐可能与蛋白尿风险有相互作用。

虽然本研究没有发现不健康的饮食习惯与体重指数或腰围身高比变化之间的关系,但2018年的一项观察性研究报告发现,不吃早餐与男性BMI和腰围的年度变化密切相关。

总而言之,不健康的饮食习惯与不健康的作息习惯一样,影响着我们的身体健康,导致人体正常的生理功能紊乱而感染疾病。

原始出处:

Toshiaki Tokumaru, Tadashi Toyama, Akinori Hara,et al.Association between Unhealthy Dietary Habits and Proteinuria Onset in a Japanese General Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Nutrients. 2020 Aug 19;12(9):2511. doi: 10.3390/nu12092511.

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    2022-08-25 12192b1am98暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2020-11-17 1505934076

    不吃早餐的我看怎么办

    0

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    2020-11-17 LSJ117
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    2020-11-15 ms2000001501567617

    单纯蛋白尿有何影响?

    0

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    2020-11-15 1250b955m76暂无昵称

    不健康的生活习惯是导致疾病的主要原因

    0

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    2020-11-15 ms8000001754662727

    学习了

    0

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    2020-11-15 liyu7822

    蛋白尿原因比较多啊

    0

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