AGING CELL:上交大团队揭示衰老诱导肝脏脂肪变性背后的原因

2020-09-20 haibei MedSci原创

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)以肝脏中异常的甘油三酯(TG)积累为特征,已成为全球最常见的肝脏疾病之一,影响着发达国家多达三分之一的成年人。

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)以肝脏中异常的甘油三酯(TG)积累为特征,已成为全球最常见的肝脏疾病之一,影响着发达国家多达三分之一的成年人。

越来越多的证据表明,衰老是NAFLD发病的重要风险因素。其他研究显示,与年轻对照组相比,老年参与者由于肝组织中脂肪堆积增加,对胰岛素表现出了明显的耐受性。然而,至今为止,关于老年人群中非酒精性脂肪肝的起始和/或进展的分子机制在很大程度上仍然未知。

非酒精性脂肪肝的标志是TG在肝脏中的蓄积,这源于TG合成和清除的不平衡。细胞内肝脏游离脂肪酸(FFA)的分解主要通过线粒体β-氧化系统进行调节。线粒体FFA β-氧化系统受损被认为是导致肝脏脂肪变性的主要机制之一。事实上,临床研究也表明,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者的肝脏存在线粒体功能障碍和β-氧化受损。

在分子水平上,肝脏线粒体β-氧化主要受PPARα调控,PPARα驱动参与线粒体β-氧化的靶基因的表达,如肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1a(CPT1a)、肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1b(CPT1b)和中链酰基-CoA脱氢酶(MCAD)。肝脏PPARα的表达已被认为是肝脏脂肪变性发展的关键。

另一方面,在临床前模型中,PPARα和线粒体β-氧化的激活可改善肝脏脂肪变性,表明一个新的潜在治疗领域。

最初,高级糖化终产物受体(RAGE)被认为是神经系统的中枢调节器,并被认为在衰老相关的动脉疾病中发挥重要作用。此外,RAGE在肝脏损伤以及胰岛素抵抗中也表现出重要作用。

高级糖化终产物(AGEs),是RAGE最重要的配体之一,其在高血糖和胰岛素抵抗中的作用是众所周知的。然而,RAGE是否在衰老相关肝硬化的发展中起作用尚未研究。

最近,上海交通大学的研究人员在Aging Cell杂志发文,其假设RAGE功能障碍可能参与衰老过程中肝硬化的发展。其研究了体重匹配的年轻(3个月大)、中年(10个月大)和老年(20个月大)C57BL/6小鼠的肝脏TG含量和基因表达谱。

研究人员对小鼠的肝脏切片进行H&E和油红O(ORO)染色。为了排除肥胖对脂质沉积的影响,研究人员特意选择了体重匹配的小鼠,并发现老龄小鼠的肝脏/体重比和血糖较高。

研究人员在老龄小鼠中还观察到肝脏TG的积累和高甘油三酯血症。

为了解释老年小鼠肝脏TG积累的潜在机制,研究人员检查了RAGE的表达,RAGE在衰老小鼠中明显上调。此外,RAGE的两个关键配体HMGB1和AGE的表达也在老年小鼠的肝脏中增加,表明RAGE途径在衰老小鼠中被激活。相反的是,老年小鼠中线粒体β-氧化相关基因(包括PPARα)有所下调。

此外,葡萄糖代谢的关键调控因子--高级糖化终产物受体(RAGE)在老龄小鼠体内上调。

从机制上看,RAGE的抑制可能上调了PPARα及其下游靶基因,进而导致TG存留降低。

最后,研究人员发现,老龄患者的肝脏RAGE表达增加,这一发现与PPARα水平下降相关。

综上所述,该研究结果表明,RAGE的上调可能在衰老相关的肝脏脂肪变性中发挥着关键的作用。

 

原始出处:

Jian Wan et al. Aging‐induced aberrant RAGE/PPARα axis promotes hepatic steatosis via dysfunctional mitochondrial β oxidation. AGING CELL (2020). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13238

 

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    2020-10-16 爆笑小医
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    2020-09-22 huangdf
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