Nat Med:流感病毒感染史影响流感疫苗的抗体反应

2022-02-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

由既往感染诱导的免疫记忆的回忆增强了对灭活流感疫苗的抗体反应,并且对于获得保护性抗体滴度尤为重要。

连续疫苗接种的研究表明,针对过去流感病毒的免疫记忆可能会限制对当前毒株的疫苗反应。既往感染引起免疫记忆的影响平时很少被考虑到,并且难以明确,因为感染通常处于亚临床状态。

近日,顶级医学期刊Nature Medicine上发表了一篇研究文章,在这项研究中,研究人员旨在调查来自HaNam队列(越南)的成年人流感疫苗接种情况。研究人员有意选择纳入了在过去9年中有流感记录的甲型流感(H3N2)感染的72名参与者和未记录的28名参与者(澳大利亚新西兰临床试验注册12621000110886)。

该研究的主要结局是既往感染甲型H3N2流感对2016年11月接种流感疫苗后诱导的血凝素抑制抗体反应的影响。在1968年至2018年期间,研究人员在基线和流感疫苗接种后的40种甲型H3N2流感病毒株进行了滴定。

extended data figure 8

在每个时间点(基线、第14天和第280天),近期感染的参与者对2014-2018年菌株的平均抗体滴度(34(29-40)、187(154-227)和86(72-103))比没有近期感染的参与者(19(17-22)、91(64-130)和38(30-49))要高。在第14天和第280天,近期感染的参与者对2014-2018年菌株的平均滴度分别上升6.1倍(5.0至7.4倍)和2.6倍(2.2至3.1倍),而近期无感染的参与者分别为4.8倍(3.5倍)6.7倍)和1.9倍(1.5到2.3倍)。近期感染的72名疫苗接种者中的1名参与者以及28名中近期没有感染的4名参与者出现症状性甲型H3N2感染(P=0.021)。疫苗诱导的抗体识别的A(H3N2)病毒范围与既往感染株有关。

这些结果表明,由既往感染诱导的免疫记忆的回忆增强了对灭活流感疫苗的抗体反应,并且对于获得保护性抗体滴度尤为重要。

原始出处:

Maria Auladell,et al.influenza virus infection history shapes antibody responses to influenza vaccination.Nature Medicine.2022.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01690-w

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    2022-02-22 liye789132251
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    学习

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885653, encodeId=6cc71885653d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Feb 22 06:25:31 CST 2022, time=2022-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611465, encodeId=96921611465ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Feb 20 12:25:31 CST 2022, time=2022-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195211, encodeId=05fe1195211de, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:33:36 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195210, encodeId=b4521195210c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=46ce580e865' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58078, encryptionId=46ce580e865, topicName=新冠肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:33:15 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195209, encodeId=1ed1119520938, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:32:18 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195208, encodeId=abbe119520862, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:32:08 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195131, encodeId=c601119513144, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65b05806579' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠病毒#</a>也应该是一个道理,如果既往空白,没有感染,接种疫苗效果可能也会差一些。如果有感染,再接种疫苗,这样可能会诱导超级免疫。目前中国人主要靠<a href='/topic/show?id=62afe048720' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疫苗#</a>接种为主,西方以感染+疫苗混合为主,相对而言,西方人对新冠病毒的的<a href='/topic/show?id=d96e291e037' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫记忆#</a>应该远强于我们, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58065, encryptionId=65b05806579, topicName=新冠病毒), TopicDto(id=70487, encryptionId=62afe048720, topicName=疫苗), TopicDto(id=29170, encryptionId=d96e291e037, topicName=免疫记忆)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 18:27:56 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195057, encodeId=14f0119505e33, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=296a6497387, createdName=ms2000001939126778, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 11:53:47 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885653, encodeId=6cc71885653d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Feb 22 06:25:31 CST 2022, time=2022-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611465, encodeId=96921611465ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Feb 20 12:25:31 CST 2022, time=2022-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195211, encodeId=05fe1195211de, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:33:36 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195210, encodeId=b4521195210c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=46ce580e865' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58078, encryptionId=46ce580e865, topicName=新冠肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:33:15 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195209, encodeId=1ed1119520938, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:32:18 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195208, encodeId=abbe119520862, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:32:08 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195131, encodeId=c601119513144, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65b05806579' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠病毒#</a>也应该是一个道理,如果既往空白,没有感染,接种疫苗效果可能也会差一些。如果有感染,再接种疫苗,这样可能会诱导超级免疫。目前中国人主要靠<a href='/topic/show?id=62afe048720' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疫苗#</a>接种为主,西方以感染+疫苗混合为主,相对而言,西方人对新冠病毒的的<a href='/topic/show?id=d96e291e037' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫记忆#</a>应该远强于我们, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58065, encryptionId=65b05806579, topicName=新冠病毒), TopicDto(id=70487, encryptionId=62afe048720, topicName=疫苗), TopicDto(id=29170, encryptionId=d96e291e037, topicName=免疫记忆)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 18:27:56 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195057, encodeId=14f0119505e33, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=296a6497387, createdName=ms2000001939126778, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 11:53:47 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-19 130a765fm69暂无昵称

    学习

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885653, encodeId=6cc71885653d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Feb 22 06:25:31 CST 2022, time=2022-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611465, encodeId=96921611465ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Feb 20 12:25:31 CST 2022, time=2022-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195211, encodeId=05fe1195211de, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:33:36 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195210, encodeId=b4521195210c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=46ce580e865' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58078, encryptionId=46ce580e865, topicName=新冠肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:33:15 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195209, encodeId=1ed1119520938, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:32:18 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195208, encodeId=abbe119520862, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:32:08 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195131, encodeId=c601119513144, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65b05806579' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠病毒#</a>也应该是一个道理,如果既往空白,没有感染,接种疫苗效果可能也会差一些。如果有感染,再接种疫苗,这样可能会诱导超级免疫。目前中国人主要靠<a href='/topic/show?id=62afe048720' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疫苗#</a>接种为主,西方以感染+疫苗混合为主,相对而言,西方人对新冠病毒的的<a href='/topic/show?id=d96e291e037' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫记忆#</a>应该远强于我们, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58065, encryptionId=65b05806579, topicName=新冠病毒), TopicDto(id=70487, encryptionId=62afe048720, topicName=疫苗), TopicDto(id=29170, encryptionId=d96e291e037, topicName=免疫记忆)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 18:27:56 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195057, encodeId=14f0119505e33, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=296a6497387, createdName=ms2000001939126778, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 11:53:47 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885653, encodeId=6cc71885653d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Feb 22 06:25:31 CST 2022, time=2022-02-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611465, encodeId=96921611465ee, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Feb 20 12:25:31 CST 2022, time=2022-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195211, encodeId=05fe1195211de, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:33:36 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195210, encodeId=b4521195210c0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=46ce580e865' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠肺炎#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58078, encryptionId=46ce580e865, topicName=新冠肺炎)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:33:15 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195209, encodeId=1ed1119520938, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:32:18 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195208, encodeId=abbe119520862, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=00b23462159, createdName=130a765fm69暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 22:32:08 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195131, encodeId=c601119513144, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=65b05806579' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新冠病毒#</a>也应该是一个道理,如果既往空白,没有感染,接种疫苗效果可能也会差一些。如果有感染,再接种疫苗,这样可能会诱导超级免疫。目前中国人主要靠<a href='/topic/show?id=62afe048720' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疫苗#</a>接种为主,西方以感染+疫苗混合为主,相对而言,西方人对新冠病毒的的<a href='/topic/show?id=d96e291e037' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#免疫记忆#</a>应该远强于我们, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=173, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58065, encryptionId=65b05806579, topicName=新冠病毒), TopicDto(id=70487, encryptionId=62afe048720, topicName=疫苗), TopicDto(id=29170, encryptionId=d96e291e037, topicName=免疫记忆)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=医者仁者, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 18:27:56 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1195057, encodeId=14f0119505e33, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=296a6497387, createdName=ms2000001939126778, createdTime=Sat Feb 19 11:53:47 CST 2022, time=2022-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-02-19 医者仁者

    #新冠病毒#也应该是一个道理,如果既往空白,没有感染,接种疫苗效果可能也会差一些。如果有感染,再接种疫苗,这样可能会诱导超级免疫。目前中国人主要靠#疫苗#接种为主,西方以感染+疫苗混合为主,相对而言,西方人对新冠病毒的的#免疫记忆#应该远强于我们

    0

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    2022-02-19 ms2000001939126778

    学习

    0

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