Biology letters:童年失去父亲真的会让女孩子过早地性成熟吗?

2015-12-23 佚名 生物谷

父亲(母亲)的离开能够促进儿童的性成熟吗?一些科学家人们答案是肯定的,他们的看法是基于进化学的理论。然而,最近一项大规模的研究显示,儿童性成熟更依赖于父母亲离开的具体方式。 进化心理学家预测失去父母亲的儿童能够发育的更快,他们离开的事实仿佛告诉他们一些信息:生活之路并不平坦,因此一个最佳的繁殖策略便诞生了:要尽早地繁殖后代,因为你极有可能跟你的父母亲一样早早地去世。这一策略像是一类可预测性的

父亲(母亲)的离开能够促进儿童的性成熟吗?一些科学家人们答案是肯定的,他们的看法是基于进化学的理论。然而,最近一项大规模的研究显示,儿童性成熟更依赖于父母亲离开的具体方式。

进化心理学家预测失去父母亲的儿童能够发育的更快,他们离开的事实仿佛告诉他们一些信息:生活之路并不平坦,因此一个最佳的繁殖策略便诞生了:要尽早地繁殖后代,因为你极有可能跟你的父母亲一样早早地去世。这一策略像是一类可预测性的自我调节反应。在动物界也能看到类似的事实:比如一些雌性哺乳动物如果没有得到充分的阳光照射,那么他们的后代会自然而然地生长出厚厚的毛发。
 
即使人类真的存在所谓的"失去双亲与自体性成熟之间的进化调节反应",这也是极难证明的。许多研究发现失去双亲(包括离异与遗弃,主要是父亲一方)会使得女儿经期过早地来临,也会使得更早发生性行为,最终生育更多的儿女。然而很难将其它环境因素,比如暴力、吸毒以及营养不良等的影响从中分离。另外,也许存在一些遗传因素使得父母亲更容易抛弃家庭,如果他们的子女也带有这些遗传因子,那么这些因子也可能对性行为产生影响。
 
为了确认这些干扰因素,来自爱沙尼亚的生物学家Peeter Horak与心理学家Markus Valge希望开展一个天然的试验。一个叫Juhan Aul的生物学家收集了自1930年以来国民的月经来临日期的数据,最终追踪到了50000人。从第二次世界大战爆发之后,许多女孩子因为战争失去了父亲,Aul于1994年去世,留下了宝贵的这笔财富供科学研究。
 
 "然而还有许多东西值得研究" Horak说到:"由于记录中的名字与出生日期都在原始记录中,因此其中很多人的身份信息能够得到确认"。 Horak 与 Valge将人数缩减到1678名女孩,其中12%的父亲死于二战。如果预测调节反应真的存在,那么这些遭受不幸的女孩与同时期没有失去父亲的爱沙尼亚女孩相比进入青春期的年龄就会提前。
 
然而,研究结果给了进化学家一个大耳光。这些父亲遭受不幸的女该进入青春期的时间并没有明显的提前,他们生育第一个孩子的年龄相比其它女孩也没有更早。这一结果发表在最新一期的biology letters杂志上。事实上,与预测相反,这些遭受不幸的女孩生育的后代相对来说
这一结果显然不是由于营养不良导致的。Horak指出,这些女孩与同龄人的身高体重增长速度并没有差异。"这一结果排除了失去父亲的女孩由于吸收到的资源有限因此加速性发育的可能"。
 
因此,如果因离婚失去父亲后确实能够促进女孩的性发育(就像很多报道中揭示的那样),那么为什么父亲的死亡却不会产生这样的结果呢?一个可能是这根本就不是进化的效应。H?rak认为如果是死亡导致失去父亲,这样对家庭会带来比离异高得多的经济压力,因此生育宝宝将会是成本很大的事情。这也许就是女孩们做出不同选择的原因。
 
然而,支持"进化影响论"的学者似乎仍没有放弃。根据1982年提出的一个想法,在西方社会中父母亲的离异与死亡可能会对后代产生不同的生育策略。离婚发生后,孩子们会认为父母亲的联系甚至家庭都不再重要,然而死亡属于人无法控制的事情,这也许会产生相反的心理作用。

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    2016-06-09 仁者大医
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    2016-11-26 sunylz
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    2016-04-17 lmm397
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    2015-12-26 hixiaoluo

    值得收藏,学习,谢谢分享

    0

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