JAMA:COPD急性加重控制病情 低剂量茶碱可协助吸入性糖皮质激素?

2018-11-28 吴星 环球医学

慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)是一种日益严重的全球健康问题。COPD的一个重要临床特征是急性加重,其与发病率和死亡率密切相关,并且给COPD治疗带来最昂贵的支出。

慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)是一种日益严重的全球健康问题。COPD的一个重要临床特征是急性加重,其与发病率和死亡率密切相关,并且给COPD治疗带来最昂贵的支出。

口服茶碱作为支气管扩张剂用于治疗COPD已经数十年。然而,通过抑制磷酸二酯酶实现适度的支气管扩张,血药浓度需要达到10~20 mg/L,但该浓度与不良反应相关。临床前研究已经证实,低血药浓度(1~5 mg/L)的茶碱和糖皮质激素存在显着的协同作用,茶碱可诱导糖皮质激素的抗炎作用增加100至10000倍。

慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球倡议(GOLD)管理指南并未禁止低剂量茶碱的使用,但指出低剂量茶碱的临床相关特征尚未完全确定,低剂量茶碱的临床证据,特别用于急性加重,有限且相互矛盾。

2018年10月,发表在《JAMA》的一项随机临床实验,调查了在COPD患者中,将低剂量茶碱添加到吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)中的有效性。

TWICS试验(茶碱联合ICS)是2014年2月6日~2016年8月31日进行的一项实效性、双盲、安慰剂对照、随机临床试验,纳入了COPD患者。2017年8月31日完成末次随访。

参与者的1秒用力呼气量与用力肺活量的比值(FEV1/FVC)低于0.7,并且前一年发生了至少2次加重(接受了抗菌药物、口服糖皮质激素或二者联合治疗),且正在使用ICS。

研究纳入了英国121家初级和二级医疗机构的1578名参与者。参与者随机分配至低剂量茶碱组(200 mg,每天一次或两次,使血药浓度达到1~5 mg/L,通过理想体重和吸烟状态确定)(791人)或安慰剂组(787人)中。

主要结局指标为,1年治疗期间,接受抗菌药物、口服糖皮质激素或二者联合治疗的参与者报告的中至重度急性加重的次数。

分析的1567名参与者,平均68.4(8.4)岁,54%(843人)为男性。1536名参与者(98%)的主要结局评估数据可用,茶碱组772人,安慰剂组764人。

总体来说,发生了3430次加重:茶碱组1727次(平均,2.24次/年),安慰剂组1703次(平均,2.23次/年),未调整平均差为0.01,调整发病率比为0.99。

茶碱组和安慰剂组发生的严重不良事件包括心脏(2.4% vs 3.4%)、肠道(2.7% vs 1.3%);不良反应如恶心(10.9% vs 7.9%)和头痛(9.0% vs 7.9%)。

作者认为,COPD成年患者在急性加重高风险期,接受ICS治疗的同时,与安慰剂相比,添加低剂量茶碱不会降低1年COPD加重次数。结果不支持使用低剂量茶碱作为ICS的辅助治疗来预防COPD加重。

COPD急性加重时,对于茶碱的使用,因有效治疗剂量与中毒剂量较为接近,不良反应多,目前国际指南均不推荐使用。上述研究也表明,低剂量茶碱作为ICS的辅助治疗,对预防COPD患者急性加重也无获益。

总之,不推荐使用低剂量茶碱作为ICS的辅助治疗来预防COPD加重。

原始出处:

Devereux G, et al. Effect of Theophylline as Adjunct to Inhaled Corticosteroids on Exacerbations in Patients With COPD: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2018 Oct 16;320(15):1548-1559. doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.14432.

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    2018-11-29 hbwxf
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