Dev Cell:关闭细胞自噬作用或能帮助化疗等疗法有效杀灭癌细胞

2018-03-21 佚名 “细胞”微信号

一种名为细胞自噬(autophagy)的过程能够帮助细胞在压力下存活,其能够扮演细胞中的再循环系统来帮助降解并再利用细胞中的废物,从而促进细胞健康存活;但不幸的是,癌细胞通常会拦截细胞自噬来躲避抗癌药物对癌细胞的杀灭作用,这就使得细胞自噬成为了科学家们开发新型抗癌疗法的潜在靶点,阻断自噬就能够使得癌细胞无法克服疗法造成的压力,从而诱发癌细胞死亡;实际上,目前很多临床试验都正在检测自噬抑制剂联合化疗

一种名为细胞自噬(autophagy)的过程能够帮助细胞在压力下存活,其能够扮演细胞中的再循环系统来帮助降解并再利用细胞中的废物,从而促进细胞健康存活;但不幸的是,癌细胞通常会拦截细胞自噬来躲避抗癌药物对癌细胞的杀灭作用,这就使得细胞自噬成为了科学家们开发新型抗癌疗法的潜在靶点,阻断自噬就能够使得癌细胞无法克服疗法造成的压力,从而诱发癌细胞死亡;实际上,目前很多临床试验都正在检测自噬抑制剂联合化疗药物、放疗或靶向性疗法是否能够有效促进癌细胞进入到细胞凋亡阶段。

目前研究人员已经清楚细胞自噬和细胞凋亡之间的关联,但他们并不清楚到底是谁缔造了这种关联;换句话说,研究者知道,关闭细胞自噬能够帮助药物促进癌细胞发生凋亡/死亡,但他们并不知道该过程发生的具体分子机制。近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Developmental Cell上的研究报告中,来自科罗拉多大学癌症研究中心的研究人员通过研究发现了一种名为FOXO3a的转录因子,其能将细胞自噬与细胞凋亡联系起来。

研究者Andrew Thorburn教授说道,但问题在于,许多抗癌药物仅能将癌细胞推向死亡的边缘,但癌细胞会利用自噬过程进入到一种假死状态(并未死亡),我们并不想让癌细胞暂停生长,而想直接杀灭癌细胞;转录因子FOXO3a或许就能将上述两种结果有效区分开来,研究者Thorburn的实验室花费了多年时间来研究细胞自噬的内部作用机制,比如研究人员就发现,关闭自噬就能使得某些癌细胞对化疗或放疗敏感。

试想一下,当你的身体越来越冷时你就会开始发抖,因此,颤抖有利用维持机体平衡,尽管空气的温度在不断变化,你的身体仍然能够维持体温恒定;细胞自噬同样也具有类似的平衡状态机制,FOXO3a能调节自噬,反过来也会被自噬所调节,这也就意味着,当自噬过程发生时,FOXO3a的水平就会下降,反之亦然;基于这种机制,细胞的自噬过程就会保持一种平衡状态。

然而,FOXO3a并不仅会维持自噬的平衡状态,其还能控制制造PUMA蛋白的基因进行表达,PUMA能够驱动细胞凋亡;因此,抑制细胞自噬就会增强FOXO3a的功能,从而就会引发两种主要的结果,第一,其会增加自噬以保证机体处于“金凤花区”(Goldilocks range)的理想温度范围内;第二,其还会增加PUMA的产生,从而促进癌细胞进行细胞凋亡过程。

随后研究人员一起检测了癌症抑制作用及药物Nutlin抑制自噬作用的效果,此前,该药物被认为能够抑制癌细胞生长,但其并不会诱发癌细胞死亡;本文研究中,研究者发现,药物Nutlin和自噬抑制作用能够增加PUMA的产生,但其二者是以两种完全不同的方式来发挥作用的,自噬抑制是通过FOXO3a来完成的,而药物Nutlin则是通过p53转录因子来发挥作用的。

研究者Fitzwalter表示,我们所想看到的就是是否药物Nutlin能够联合自噬抑制作用来增加抑制PUMA的产生,从而不仅能抑制癌细胞生长,还会引发癌细胞真正的死亡;答案是肯定的,相比单独使用一种策略而言,组合性策略能够更加有效地杀灭癌细胞,研究者在细胞培养物及小鼠机体的肿瘤中都证实了这一研究结果;研究者希望能够将一种减缓肿瘤生长的药物转化成为真正有效杀灭癌细胞的特殊制剂,本文研究中研究人员实现了这一目标,而这一研究也为后期研究人员在临床试验中将多种类型药物同自噬抑制作用结合进行研究提供了一定的理论基础。

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    2018-10-03 fzwish20000
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    2019-01-05 维他命
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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1982279, encodeId=15dd19822e962, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13b658e849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dev#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5878, encryptionId=13b658e849, topicName=Dev)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bcaa382, createdName=fzwish20000, createdTime=Wed Oct 03 23:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960788, encodeId=fb8e1960e8847, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Jan 05 23:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870520, encodeId=aab018e0520a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed May 16 15:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=303015, encodeId=8e9b3030158b, content=自噬在维持细胞活性和生存时发挥了重要作用.凋亡则是细胞自我保护的另一机制.两则之间的关系还是比较复杂的., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/02/7ad94af35c47a71c72520c121142446f.jpg, createdBy=c49367641, createdName=ziguoyuan, createdTime=Thu Apr 05 15:18:13 CST 2018, time=2018-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=303014, encodeId=a725303014ec, content=***, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/02/7ad94af35c47a71c72520c121142446f.jpg, createdBy=c49367641, createdName=ziguoyuan, createdTime=Thu Apr 05 15:15:31 CST 2018, time=2018-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252480, encodeId=acea1252480ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Fri Mar 23 04:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1299335, encodeId=ba211299335b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1dd5e8010f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞自噬#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78010, encryptionId=1dd5e8010f5, topicName=细胞自噬)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a7b6284, createdName=FukaiBao, createdTime=Fri Mar 23 04:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=298516, encodeId=4a362985164b, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Thu Mar 22 06:58:38 CST 2018, time=2018-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=298360, encodeId=21c92983607c, content=谢谢分享学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Wed Mar 21 18:22:20 CST 2018, time=2018-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-05 ziguoyuan

    自噬在维持细胞活性和生存时发挥了重要作用.凋亡则是细胞自我保护的另一机制.两则之间的关系还是比较复杂的.

    0

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    2018-04-05 ziguoyuan

    ***

    0

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    2018-03-23 yxch36
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1982279, encodeId=15dd19822e962, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=13b658e849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Dev#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5878, encryptionId=13b658e849, topicName=Dev)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bcaa382, createdName=fzwish20000, createdTime=Wed Oct 03 23:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1960788, encodeId=fb8e1960e8847, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Sat Jan 05 23:34:00 CST 2019, time=2019-01-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1870520, encodeId=aab018e0520a2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Wed May 16 15:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-05-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=303015, encodeId=8e9b3030158b, content=自噬在维持细胞活性和生存时发挥了重要作用.凋亡则是细胞自我保护的另一机制.两则之间的关系还是比较复杂的., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/02/7ad94af35c47a71c72520c121142446f.jpg, createdBy=c49367641, createdName=ziguoyuan, createdTime=Thu Apr 05 15:18:13 CST 2018, time=2018-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=303014, encodeId=a725303014ec, content=***, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/04/02/7ad94af35c47a71c72520c121142446f.jpg, createdBy=c49367641, createdName=ziguoyuan, createdTime=Thu Apr 05 15:15:31 CST 2018, time=2018-04-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1252480, encodeId=acea1252480ec, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3efee1519b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71519, encryptionId=3efee1519b2, topicName=癌细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4cea26, createdName=yxch36, createdTime=Fri Mar 23 04:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1299335, encodeId=ba211299335b2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1dd5e8010f5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞自噬#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78010, encryptionId=1dd5e8010f5, topicName=细胞自噬)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a7b6284, createdName=FukaiBao, createdTime=Fri Mar 23 04:34:00 CST 2018, time=2018-03-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=298516, encodeId=4a362985164b, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Thu Mar 22 06:58:38 CST 2018, time=2018-03-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=298360, encodeId=21c92983607c, content=谢谢分享学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM7GibvIBibibnnnvpajk2stlDF5oichYahI6Bia8uxeTBFoPbdoHWebyXf9eal9FNgUF2lNcrwoZicM3BvQ/0, createdBy=a3742066385, createdName=戒馋,懒,贪, createdTime=Wed Mar 21 18:22:20 CST 2018, time=2018-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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    2018-03-22 yfjms

    学习

    0

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    2018-03-21 戒馋,懒,贪

    谢谢分享学习了

    0

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该项研究为延长的聚谷氨酰胺序列造成神经细胞降解疾病提供了新的分子机理,阐述了细胞自噬的缺陷可能是造成此类疾病的幕后推手,为未来开发通过调整细胞自噬的来治疗此类疾病提供了理论基础。

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci:在实验性大鼠青光眼模型中发现Ghrelin抑制视网膜神经细胞自噬和凋亡!

复旦大学上海眼耳鼻喉科医院眼科和上海市视觉障碍与修复重点实验室的Zhu K近日发表了他们实验室的一项重要工作,在慢性眼内高压(COH)大鼠模型中,发现生长素释放激素可能通过激活ghrelin / GHSR-1a系统,从而抑制视网膜自噬、神经节细胞凋亡和Müller细胞胶质的细胞增生,进而在视网膜中发挥神经保护的作用。

Cell Death Dis: 细胞自噬对小鼠听力是必要的

听力损失是人类感官障碍中最为普遍的一种障碍。听毛细胞(HCs)是在胚胎晚期分化和出生后阶段通过有丝分裂产生的,听毛细胞的损伤是导致听力损失的主要原因。在哺乳动物耳蜗中,并不存在可以再生的可测量的听毛细胞,并且听毛细胞功能的保持对于听力的维持非常重要。最近,有研究人员在小鼠中产生了一个缺陷型突变体,该突变体基因为细胞自噬相关的基因5(Atg5),该基因对细胞自噬是不可或缺的。研究人员在听毛细胞中调查