心脏瓣膜手术-正常解剖、手术适应症、手术过程和手术预后(图片)

2015-12-02 网络 MedSci原创

  心脏有四个瓣膜:主动脉瓣、二尖瓣、三尖瓣和肺动脉瓣。瓣膜的作用是控制血液在心脏的流动方向。心脏瓣膜的打开与关闭就产生心音。  心脏瓣膜置换术适应症有:  *心脏瓣膜狭窄  *心脏瓣膜漏  心脏瓣膜疾病可以由风湿热和感染性心内膜炎引起。手术需要对病人进行全身麻醉,手术切口在胸部胸骨正中线。

心脏瓣膜手术-正常解剖

  心脏有四个瓣膜:主动脉瓣、二尖瓣、三尖瓣和肺动脉瓣。瓣膜的作用是控制血液在心脏的流动方向。心脏瓣膜的打开与关闭就产生心音。

心脏瓣膜手术-手术适应症

  心脏瓣膜置换术适应症有:

  *心脏瓣膜狭窄

  *心脏瓣膜漏

  心脏瓣膜疾病可以由风湿热和感染性心内膜炎引起。手术需要对病人进行全身麻醉,手术切口在胸部胸骨正中线。

心脏瓣膜手术-手术过程

  心脏瓣膜手术属开胸手术。手术过程中,中断心脏的血液供应,病人的血液通过人工管道被输送到心肺旁路装置,这装置暂时代替病人的心肺功能,维持血液的正常氧化和循环。

  瓣膜可以修复也可以置换。用于置换的瓣膜可以是生物瓣膜或人工瓣膜。生物瓣膜来自捐赠者尸体,经修整的生物瓣膜来自动物供体(通常是猪),人工瓣膜用金属或塑胶制成。置换生物瓣膜的病人术后很少需要终生服用抗凝剂。

心脏瓣膜手术-手术预后

  心脏瓣膜置换术的手术成功率正不断地上升。术后病人症状缓解,生命得到延长。死亡率取决于原心脏瓣膜情况,平均为2%-5%。

  大约有70%置换人工二尖瓣的病人术后可存活9年。这些置换了人工心脏瓣膜的病人需要终生服用抗凝剂,而且,可以在病人的胸部听到心脏跳动时人工瓣膜发出的金属样的“滴答”声,这是正常现象。

  心脏瓣膜置换术后的病人要住在深切治疗室2-3天,监视心脏功能。术后平均住院时间为3周。完全康复需要数周至数月的时间,视病人手术前的健康情况而定。

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    2016-04-24 lqvr
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    2015-12-27 hixiaoluo

    好文章,值得收藏

    0

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