Nat Genet:病毒DNA测序助理开发下一代癌症疫苗

2020-02-13 不详 生物探索

这是首次对由病毒引起的大多数癌症类型进行的系统研究,了解感染和癌症类型之间的联系有助于开发可预防其他癌症的疫苗,这无疑为减少癌症在全球的影响开辟了新视野。

通常,98%的宫颈癌是由人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus, HPV)引起,而HPV疫苗可以预防HPV感染,使宫颈癌发病率降低约71%。此外,研究表明约20%-40%的人类癌症由细菌和病毒引起,了解并鉴定哪些细菌和病毒会导致癌症,这对预防癌症意义深远。


来源于:pixabay

研究者分析了2600个基因组和38种不同肿瘤类型的组织样本,该成果发表在《Nature Genetics》期刊上,该研究成果有助于及时调整癌症患者的治疗方案、开发更多预防癌症的疫苗。


DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0558-9

结果发现,13%的样本在取样时有病毒存在的迹象,同时,356名癌症患者中有23种不同病毒的痕迹,而最常见的四种病毒分别是爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒(Epstein-Barr virus),乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus),人疱疹病毒6B(Human herpesvirus 6B)和HPV。



肝癌肿瘤中的乙型肝炎病毒 来源于:vitstudio/ Shutterstock

同时,研究者还了解到病毒促进癌细胞生长的有关信息,如在含有HPV和爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒的肿瘤中,通常发现其致癌的DNA缺失了。研究者推测,病毒会提供癌症所需的某些物质,阻止有缺陷的细胞自杀,并鼓励它们迅速繁殖以形成肿瘤。此外,病毒会改变宫颈癌、膀胱癌等的基因组,使人细胞中DNA损伤修复机制缺陷,进而导致肿瘤。

这是首次对由病毒引起的大多数癌症类型进行的系统研究,了解感染和癌症类型之间的联系有助于开发可预防其他癌症的疫苗,这无疑为减少癌症在全球的影响开辟了新视野。

原始出处:

Marc Zapatka, Ivan Borozan, Daniel S. Brewer, et.al. The landscape of viral associations in human cancers. Nature Genetics 05 February 2020

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    2020-06-28 liye789132251
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    2020-07-11 cy0324
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    2020-08-31 canlab
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30亿~40亿年前,生命始祖——细胞诞生了。自此,生命向着多样化和复杂化演化。但病毒是个奇葩,它向简单化发展。病毒放弃它不需要的一切,只剩下蛋白质外壳及其里面的核酸。病毒就像海盗,“劫持”细胞,在宿主细胞中生存和繁衍。对生命来说,病毒仿佛一种生存压力。在这种压力之下,弱者淘汰,适者生存。为了对抗敌人,生命诞生了防卫系统——免疫系统。在病毒等多种病原体的刺激下,免疫系统不断进化。病毒还是“基因快递员