J NeuroSci:自闭症神经环路新机制

2017-11-08 佚名 大话精神

自闭症(autism spectrum disorder, ASD),是一类常见的神经发育疾病,发病率占普通人群的1%。ASD临床表现为人际交往障碍、行为方式刻板重复及兴趣狭窄。随着社会经济的发展和饮食生活习惯的改变,ASD的发病率有逐年上升的趋势,给社会和家庭带来巨大的经济和精神负担,已成为需要迫切关注的公共健康问题。

自闭症(autism spectrum disorder, ASD),是一类常见的神经发育疾病,发病率占普通人群的1%。ASD临床表现为人际交往障碍、行为方式刻板重复及兴趣狭窄。随着社会经济的发展和饮食生活习惯的改变,ASD的发病率有逐年上升的趋势,给社会和家庭带来巨大的经济和精神负担,已成为需要迫切关注的公共健康问题。

自闭症的致病原因复杂多样,除了受到环境因素的影响外,遗传因素起了重要作用。医学遗传学研究表明,突触后骨架蛋白SHANK3(SH3 and ankyrin repeat-containing protein 3)突变是导致ASD最常见的遗传突变,因而关于SHANK3调控大脑发育和功能的研究得到了国内外同行的广泛关注。

目前,国际上的主流观点认为SHANK3作为突触后支架蛋白,影响突触的成熟和功能,继而影响大脑功能。近日,中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所张永清研究组、中科院生物物理研究所教授李岩、东南大学教授黄娟,以及美国杜克大学医学院姜永辉团队等合作,构建了果蝇SHANK3同源基因(Shank)突变体。



与上述主流观点相左,突变体的表型分析结果表明,Shank的突触前功能对于中枢神经系统的突触形成是必须的。Shank突变体大脑蘑菇体萼区的神经小球突触分枝数目减少,突触后胆碱乙酰转移酶受体分布及突触间隙结构异常。突变体突触结构异常可通过在突触前和突触后同时表达Shank而得到挽救,单独在突触前表达Shank只能分别部分挽救突触表型,而突触后表达Shank则不能挽救突触表型。

上述结果表明,Shank的突触前功能对于大脑突触形成和成熟至关重要。行为学分析表明,Shank突变体果蝇爬行能力、嗅觉敏感性下降,提示Shank在神经环路形成及高级认知功能中发挥重要作用。该项研究为理解自闭症的神经环路病理发生机制提供了新视角。

相关研究成果以A pre-synaptic function of Shank protein in Drosophila为题,在线发表在The Journal of Neuroscience上。研究工作获得了中科院、科技部和国家自然科学基金项目的资助。

原始出处:
Wu S, Gan G, Zhang Z, et al. A pre-synaptic function of Shank protein in Drosophila[J]. Journal of Neuroscience, Oct 2017: 0893-17.

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    2017-11-10 lsndxfj
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    2017-11-10 xiongke014
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    2017-11-08 天地飞扬

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