Alzheimer Dementia:认知年龄,而非生理年龄,更能预测大脑健康

2021-07-04 Freeman MedSci原创

认知年龄,而非生理年龄,更能预测大脑健康

年龄是一些不良健康结果的主要风险因素,包括痴呆症、残疾和死亡。发病率随着年龄的增长而急剧增加,对年龄与疾病之间联系的认识导致人们普遍认为衰老是一个逐渐恶化的过程。

然而,衰老对个人的影响并不一致,利用计时年龄(chronological age日历年龄)准确预测重要的健康结果仍然是一个挑战。例如,在考虑到阿尔茨海默病(AD)病理等常见的神经病变后,计时年龄与认知能力下降和痴呆没有关系(或只有微弱的关系)。

因此,驱动不良认知结果的不是年龄本身,而是病理因素导致的大脑健康恶化。然而,许多大脑老化的标志(如神经退行性病变和血管病变)在生活中不容易被量化,限制了人们估计大脑健康,以及对认知和其他健康结果作出精确预测的能力。因此需要新的大脑健康指标和识别高风险个体的方法,以促进老年人的独立和幸福的战略。

认知表现是大脑功能的一个关键输出,纵向认知数据提供了一个了解大脑健康的独特窗口。然而,有效地利用纵向认知数据来估计大脑健康一直是一个挑战,部分原因是纵向认知轨迹存在相当大的异质性。

藉此,Rush University Medical Center的等人,使用了1057名老年人的数据,他们开始时没有认知障碍,并在死前24年内每年进行认知评估,包括迷你精神状态检查(MMSE),以确定 "认知时钟cognitive clock",这是大脑健康的一个指标。

为此,他们使用了一种创新的统计方法-形状不变模型(shape invariant),首先描述了老年认知能力下降的潜在特征(即多年来在MMSE上观察到的典型的认知变化模式),在此称之为认知时钟。

重要的是,形状不变模型通过使参与者沿着时钟排列,减少了纵向认知轨迹的异质性。接下来,通过使用该时钟为每个人在每次评估时推导出一个认知年龄,并测试了一个假设,即认知年龄比年龄更好地预测AD痴呆、轻度认知障碍(MCI)和死亡率。

此外,他们还研究了认知年龄与时间年龄的关系,以及认知年龄与一个既定的生物标志物,皮质DNA甲基化年龄的关系,以及不良后果的关系。最后,将认知时钟应用于一个独立的验证样本,该样本来自芝加哥健康和老龄化项目,这是一个基于两族人口的AD痴呆和相关疾病的研究,以确认认知年龄对预测发生痴呆、MCI和死亡的效用。

他们基于Rush Memory and Aging Project and the Religious Orders Study,纳入了1057名参与者,他们开始时没有认知功能障碍,并进行了认知评估,直到24年。形状不变模型描述了认知衰退的潜在模式,在此被概念化为 "认知时钟",并产生了针对个人的认知年龄估计。

生存分析研究了认知年龄与时间年龄对阿尔茨海默病痴呆、轻度认知障碍和死亡率的预测,回归分析研究了认知年龄与时间年龄与神经病理学和脑萎缩的关系。最后,他们将认知时钟应用于一个独立的验证样本,该样本来自芝加哥健康和老龄化项目,这是一个基于两族人口的研究,以确认认知年龄的预测效用。

他们发现,“认知时钟 "显示,认知能力在大约80岁之前保持稳定,然后适度下降到90岁,然后急剧下降。

在最初的数据集中,认知年龄是一个比年龄更好的预测痴呆症、轻度认知障碍和死亡率的指标,并且与神经病理学和脑萎缩有更强的关联。

将认知时钟应用于独立验证样本,进一步支持了认知年龄作为不良后果的一个强有力的预后指标的效用。

这个研究的重要意义在于,发现了:认知年龄是不良健康结果的一个强有力的预后指标,并可作为老龄化研究中一个有用的生物标志物。

原文出处:
Boyle PA, Wang T, Yu L, Wilson RS, Dawe R, Arfanakis K, Schneider JA, Beck T, Rajan KB, Evans D, Bennett DA. The "cognitive clock": A novel indicator of brain health. Alzheimers Dement. 2021 Jun 1. doi: 10.1002/alz.12351. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34060702.

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    2021-07-04 ms4000000151524829

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    2021-07-04 sally

    学到很多,不错

    0

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