NATURE:染色质碎裂助力肿瘤耐药

2020-12-26 haibei MedSci原创

通过额外的几轮染色体碎裂,ecDNA的结构进化进一步提高了药物耐受性。原位Hi-C测序显示,ecDNAs优先存在于染色体末端附近,当DNA损伤时,它们会在那里重新整合。

基因扩增首次在对甲氨蝶呤产生耐药性的细胞中被发现,甲氨蝶呤是一种二氢叶酸还原酶(DHFR)抑制剂,已被用于治疗癌症超过50年。扩增的DNA可以在被称为double minutes(DMs)的小型循环DNA中被找到,这是染色体外DNA(ecDNA)的一种亚型,其也可以在染色体内同源染色区(HSRs)中被找到。


已有的研究显示,局部染色体扩增通过介导癌基因的过度表达,有助于癌症的发生,并通过增加影响抗癌药物疗效的基因的表达,加速了癌症治疗过程中耐药性的发展。最近,研究人员在Nature杂志发文,其对具有化疗耐药性的细胞克隆分离物进行了全基因组测序,并发现染色体碎裂是促进循环外染色体DNA(ecDNA)扩增的主要驱动力,该过程依赖于聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)和DNA依赖性蛋白激酶(DNA-PKcs)的催化亚基。

纵向分析表明,通过额外的几轮染色体碎裂,ecDNA的结构进化进一步提高了药物耐受性。原位Hi-C测序显示,ecDNAs优先存在于染色体末端附近,当DNA损伤时,它们会在那里重新整合。
最初在低水平药物选择下形成的染色体内扩增经历了持续的断裂-融合-桥接的循环,产生了长度超过100兆的扩增子,这些扩增子被困在相间桥内,然后破碎,从而产生微核,其包被的ecDNAs是染色体碎裂的底物。
研究人员在获得性耐药或癌基因扩增的人类癌症中发现了与局部基因扩增有关的类似基因组重排谱。因此,其提出,染色体碎裂是加速基因组DNA重排和扩增为ecDNA的主要机制,并能迅速获得对改变的生长条件的耐受性。

 

原始出处:
Ofer Shoshani et al. Chromothripsis drives the evolution of gene amplification in cancer. NATURE 2020.

 

 

 

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    2021-04-04 446993560

    好文章

    0

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    2021-06-28 liye789132251
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    2020-12-27 医路顺丰

    很好的文章,学习了

    0

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    2020-12-26 ms2000001051330459

    学习了,涨知识了!

    0

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    2020-12-26 Lizhihua6

    染色质碎裂助力肿瘤耐药

    0

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