Gastroenterology:青春期时高糖食物和含糖饮料要少吃喝,或显著增加成年后结直肠癌患病风险!

2021-03-30 生物探索 生物探索

高脂高糖的饮食习惯被认为可能是CRC发病率上升的原因之一。

据世卫组织近期公布的2020最新全球癌症数据,结直肠癌(CRC)已成为全球第三大癌症,且患者年龄正逐渐年轻化。结合近几十年来果汁、汽水等含糖饮料(SSB)和肉类摄入量的急剧增加,高脂高糖的饮食习惯被认为可能是CRC发病率上升的原因之一。

已有研究表明,高糖摄入可通过引起胰岛素抵抗,肥胖和2型糖尿病(CRC的已知危险因素)来促进结直肠癌的发生。但大多数前瞻性研究均报道成人糖摄入与结直肠肿瘤之间无明显关联。考虑到青春期具有生理上胰岛素敏感性降低和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1)激增,可能是对高糖摄入不利影响易感性增强的关键时期,会影响CRC的早期发生。

近日,来自美国哈佛公共卫生学院和韩国首尔国立大学医学院的研究人员在《Gastroenterology》 上发表了题为Simple sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage intake during adolescence and risk of colorectal cancer precursors的研究成果,发现青春期大量摄入高糖食物和SSB,会显着增加常规腺瘤及高危腺瘤,尤其是直肠腺瘤的患病风险。

为了探究青春期糖摄入量是否会影响CRC的发病风险,研究人员对开始于1989年的前瞻性研究队列-护士健康研究II(NHSII)中的33106名女性参与者进行调查和分析,统计了参与者在青春期(13至18岁)间摄入的包括果汁、SSB和人造甜味饮料(ASB)在内的食品种类及用量,并定期询问参与者是否进行了肠内窥镜检查及其诊断结果。此外,研究人员也统计了参与者在青春期及当前的BMI、吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病等慢性病史、阿司匹林服用史等协变量信息。

对参与者的饮食调查结果显示,有12.6%和4.8%的参与者在青春期分别至少摄入一份及两份SSB/天,其果糖和SSB摄入量平均约占每日卡路里的2.6%,显着高于成年参与者,且SSB摄入量较高的人更喜欢食用红肉,而水果和蔬菜摄入很少。在随访期间,共有4744名妇女被诊断出至少有一个结肠直肠息肉,其中2909名参与者患有腺瘤(近端1548例,远端1205例,直肠458例和758例高危腺瘤),超过2355名参与者被检查出患有锯齿状病变。

调整协变量信息后,使用对数回归模型对糖及SSB摄入与CRC患病风险间的相关性进行分析,发现青春期总果糖摄入量增加与腺瘤患病风险呈显着正相关,果糖摄入量每增加5%卡路里/天,会使总腺瘤与高危腺瘤的患病风险分别增加17%和30%。不过果糖摄入量与锯齿状病变无明显相关。

果糖总摄入量与结肠直肠息肉的危险比和95%置信区间

此外,研究人员还发现青少年较高的SSB摄入量也与较高的直肠高危腺瘤显着相关,但与锯齿状病变无关。SSB摄入量每增加1份/天,会使直肠高危腺瘤风险增加34%。而未观察到成年后果糖和SSB的摄入与高危腺瘤之间有相关性。

含糖饮料摄入量与结肠直肠息肉的危险比和95%置信区间

果糖和含糖饮料摄入量与低风险和高风险结直肠腺瘤的危险比和95%置信区间

腺瘤是结直肠癌的前身,如果不加以控制,会进而演变为结直肠癌。无论从减肥还是身体健康考虑,我们都应该在合理范围内尽量减少糖的摄入,尤其含糖饮料要忌口噢!

原始出处:

Hee-Kyung Joh, et al. Simple sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage intake during adolescence and risk of colorectal cancer precursors. Gastroenterology, 2021.

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    2021-05-09 许安
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    2021-04-01 yhy100201
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