少见的咯血——支气管动脉畸形

2018-01-22 MedSci MedSci原创

支气管动脉畸形是大咯血少见原因之一,是由于肺血管先天发育障碍所致,临床上常在造影检查时发现,文献报道较少。 病史: 患者为一27岁青年女性,既往患者在4年前有类似咯血史,在当地医院住院治疗后好转出院(资料已丢失,未明确诊断)。患者于入院2天前晚间打牌时突发咯血,鲜红血液,量约100ml,遂到当地医院急诊,行胸部CT检查示:双肺散在磨玻璃影,考虑双肺炎症。予抗感染、止血等治疗后出血停止,入院

支气管动脉畸形是大咯血少见原因之一,是由于肺血管先天发育障碍所致,临床上常在造影检查时发现,文献报道较少

病史

患者为一27岁青年女性,既往患者在4有类似咯血史,在当地医院住院治疗后好转出院(资料已丢失未明确诊断)患者于入院2天前晚间打牌时突发咯血,鲜红血液,量约100ml,遂到当地医院急诊,行胸部CT检查示:双肺散在磨玻璃影,考虑双肺炎症。予抗感染、止血等治疗后出血停止,入院前1天再次咯血,血量约200ml,转至我院进一步治疗。自起病来精神差,食欲欠佳,大小便正常。

查体

患儿发育正常,营养中等,神志清,正常步态。颈软头颈五官无明显畸形,双侧瞳孔等大等圆,对光反射灵敏右下肺叩诊实音右下肺呼吸音低,可闻及少量湿啰音,余肺呼吸音粗,未闻及干湿啰音心律齐,未闻及杂音。肝脾肋下未及。神经查体无殊。

辅助检查:

胸部x线片气管右偏,右肺野见大片密度增高影,右侧肋间隙较左侧略窄,右纵隔缘及右膈面显示不清,心影未见移位,左肺纹理清晰,左膈面光整,左侧肋膈角锐利

纤维支气管镜术中见右侧支气管腔内有大量暗红色血凝块堵塞管腔,纤支镜不能通过,血凝块堵塞气管镜吸引管口,冲洗后仍不能吸出。左肺各叶段支气管黏膜无充血水肿,管腔通畅,未见新生物生长

支气管动脉造影DSA右气管动脉明显扭曲,并呈局限性团块状改变,考虑右下支血管畸形,术中超选至右支气管动脉主干用明胶海绵碎塞右侧支气管动脉,复造影见右侧支气管动脉血流明显缓慢

血常规:RBC4.5*1012/LHB99

简要解析:

本例的特点:(1)发病年龄较轻,可反复发生,咯血量常较大;(2)临床、纤支镜及影像学检查(包括缓解期)均不能明确原因(3)DSA检查发现支气管动脉扭曲,呈局限性团块状改变。本病由于发病率低,常被误诊为支气管扩张、肺炎、肺结核、肺癌等。故遇到不明原因大咯血时应考虑此病。血管造影可对支气管动脉畸形起到明确诊断的作用。

另外,大咯血为临床上棘手的病症,保守治疗的病死率可高达50%以上,多数因窒息而亡,而急性期手术的病死率在35%以上。支气管动脉栓塞治疗咯血后,该法已成为被广为接受的治疗大咯血和反复咯血较成熟的手段,可作为根治性手段,也可作为外科择期手术前的姑息性方法。

整病例请前往【梅斯医生】→病例库→胸心外科→“咯血2天,加重1天。

更多点评分析,趣味的学习,详情尽在梅斯医生上,您可以在这里体验模拟诊疗

下载链接:http://www.bioon.com/index_forword.asp?id=9429

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    2018-01-24 feather80
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    2018-01-22 hhh678

    henhao

    0

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    2018-01-22 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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女性患者,72岁,近期出现咳嗽和咯血史而就诊于呼吸诊所。无吸烟或体重减轻史。胸片如图1所示,诊断是什么?右胸膜腔顶存在一个肺部真菌球。痰培养确定该真菌为曲霉菌。该真菌球称为曲菌病。曲菌病的特点是团块(真菌球)周围一环形透明区(气体围绕在团块周围);该病例中,如下图中箭头所示。患者可无症状或出现如轻度咳嗽或轻至重度咯血的症状。患者通常具有免疫活性,但是他们通常会有曲菌球所形成的肺腔。这些空腔出现最常