IBD患者个体化治疗如何量身定制?这个工具有必要了解下!

2022-08-06 消化界 消化界

VDZ-CDST临床疗效预测工具将IBD患者分层以预测CD患者使用维得利珠单抗治疗的疗效,可以提前识别和发现优势患者人群,为临床医生对CD患者优化个体化治疗方案提供重要帮助。

引言

IBD患者个体化治疗不断发展,预测药物疗效的临床决策支持工具(CDST)也应运而生。目前针对特定药物的CDST发展如何?

炎症性肠病(IBD)主要包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD),是一类肠道慢性炎症性疾病[1],其特点为反复复发-缓解,且具有临床表型异质性和病程不可预测性[2]。近年来IBD发病率明显增加,预计到2025年我国IBD患者人数可能达150万例[1,3]。在IBD的治疗过程中临床医生常常产生一些这样的疑问,比如:如何积极地治疗这个患者?需要生物制剂治疗吗?选择哪一种?什么时候开始?对这个患者正确的治疗选择适用于另一个患者吗?生物制剂的出现为IBD诊疗提供了全新的选择,但如何在正确的时间为正确的人量身订做正确的治疗策略,是目前临床面临的难点问题。

IBD管理需要个体化精准治疗理念

IBD是一种异质性疾病,患者临床表现复杂,疾病活动和严重程度不一[4]。目前生物制剂已广泛应用于IBD的治疗,主要包括抗TNF-α类、抗整合素类、抗白介素(IL)-12/23等[5]。尽管用于IBD的治疗药物不断增多,但是,通过临床试验和实践发现,仍有多达40%的患者对特定药物无应答[6]。无法预测患者的药物应答反应,不但会耽误患者的治疗,同时也消耗了宝贵的医保资金和医疗资源。

因此,迫切需要有效的工具来提前预测不同患者对治疗方案的应答情况,确定特定的优势患者人群并探索最佳的治疗时机,帮助临床医生筛选选择最适合的药物,实现IBD个体化精准治疗。我们一起来了解一下当前疗效预测工具发展的最新研究成果如何?

理想的IBD生物治疗反应预测因子仍然缺乏

IBD个体化管理的概念已经被讨论多年,但是如何准确预测、高效识别适用于某种特定治疗的患者人群仍然是一个棘手且重要的问题。研究者筛选并测试了多种临床,遗传,免疫,药代动力学以及微生物等生物标记物,但到目前为止尚未鉴定出理想的标志物[6]。基于最近的证据,多参数模型似乎具有预测治疗反应的潜力[6]。当前有关IBD患者对生物制剂反应的预测因素和早期生物标志物如下图所示(图1)[6]。但这些研究发现距离找到可以运用在实际临床实践中有效预测模型仍有一段距离。

图1  多参数预测模型:多种生物标记物的潜在预测作用[6]

VDZ-CDST是有效的疗效预测模型,

可识别IBD优势患者人群

IBD个体化精准治疗时代,需要更精准识别和预判药物疗效和安全性,同样需要可靠的数据模型来支持临床决策。为达到预测VDZ疗效的目的,美国VICTORY研究联盟的研究者基于III期RCT GEMINI2临床研究数据建立预测模型,并在真实世界多中心VICTORY研究队列中进行验证,开发出一种维得利珠单抗专属的临床决策支持工具(VDZ-CDST)。VDZ-CDST评分工具通过5项疗效的预测因素将CD患者分层为高应答概率、中应答概率和低应答概率3类人群(图2)[7]。

图2  VDZ-CDST模型建立与验证[7]

经VDZ-CDST工具评分可得出患者对维得利珠单抗应答的可能性,多项研究结果均提示高应答概率(> 19分)患者的临床获益最大,短期和长期的临床缓解、无激素缓解和黏膜愈合率显著更高,且手术风险更低、长期治疗结局更好,血清药物浓度更高[7-9]。VDZ-CDST临床疗效预测工具能够提前识别和发现优势患者人群,而且也可以帮助识别那些标准剂量的生物制剂可能应答不佳,更需要优化治疗方案而受益的患者[10],为医患临床决策提供重要参考。

①疗效显著更高:在VICTORY联盟队列中,使用CDST分层对于预测VDZ治疗CD患者26周时的疗效有重要价值,研究结果显示:VDZ治疗26周时,高应答概率患者的临床缓解(38%)、无激素缓解(30%)和黏膜愈合率(31%)显著更高(图3)[7]。一项真实世界多中心回顾性队列研究显示:VDZ治疗48周时,高应答概率患者的临床缓解和无激素缓解率均为80%[8]。

图3  基于CDST分层,维得利珠单抗治疗CD患者26周的临床结局[7]

②长期治疗结局更好:VICTORY联盟研究数据显示,中应答概率组(42%)或高应答概率组(53%)的累积12个月内镜缓解率高于低应答概率组(35%)。同样,中应答概率组(17%)或高应答概率组(12%)的累积12个月手术率低于低概率组(21%),提示VDZ-CDST预测临床应答可能性为中等/高应答概率的中度CD患者,黏膜缓解率更高、手术风险更低(图4)[9]。

图4  VDZ-CDST中/高应答概率患者的黏膜愈合率和手术风险[9] 

③血清药物浓度更高:在VDZ治疗52周期间的所有时间点,高应答概率患者的药物浓度更高、起效速度更快、疗效更好,均存在显著的线性关系(3组患者在所有时间点均P<0.001)[9]。

总   结

IBD病程长、易反复发作,诊断缺乏金标准且治疗选择不断增加,精准医疗是目前IBD临床管理的新方向。虽然精准医疗已经较好地应用于其他临床领域,但是IBD领域实现个体化精准治疗的需求尚未满足。VDZ-CDST临床疗效预测工具将IBD患者分层以预测CD患者使用维得利珠单抗治疗的疗效,可以提前识别和发现优势患者人群,为临床医生对CD患者优化个体化治疗方案提供重要帮助,全面提升CD治疗的精准化和个体化水平。

- 参考文献 -

[1]吴开春. 重视炎症性肠病诊断和治疗的难点和热点问题[J]. 中国医学前沿杂志:电子版, 2021, 13(7):2.

[2] Verstockt B, Parkes M, Lee JC. How Do We Predict a Patient's Disease Course and Whether They Will Respond to Specific Treatments?. Gastroenterology. 2022;162(5):1383-1395. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2021.12.245

[3] GBD 2017 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collaborators. The global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;5(1):17-30. doi:10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30333-4

[4]中华医学会消化病学分会炎症性肠病学组, 钱家鸣, 吴开春. 炎症性肠病诊断与治疗的共识意见(2018年,北京)[J]. 中华消化杂志, 2018, 38(5):20.

[5] Baumgart DC, Le Berre C. Newer Biologic and Small-Molecule Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(14):1302-1315. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1907607

[6] Privitera G, Pugliese D, Rapaccini GL, Gasbarrini A, Armuzzi A, Guidi L. Predictors and Early Markers of Response to Biological Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med. 2021;10(4):853. Published 2021 Feb 19. doi:10.3390/jcm10040853

[7] Dulai PS, Boland BS, Singh S, et al. Development and Validation of a Scoring System to Predict Outcomes of Vedolizumab Treatment in Patients With Crohn's Disease. Gastroenterology. 2018;155(3):687-695.e10. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2018.05.039

[8] Alric H, Amiot A, Kirchgesner J, et al. Vedolizumab Clinical Decision Support Tool Predicts Efficacy of Vedolizumab But Not Ustekinumab in Refractory Crohn's Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2022;28(2):218-225. doi:10.1093/ibd/izab060

[9] Dulai PS, Amiot A, Peyrin-Biroulet L, et al. A clinical decision support tool may help to optimise vedolizumab therapy in Crohn's disease [published correction appears in Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Apr;53(8):963]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;51(5):553-564. doi:10.1111/apt.15609

[10] Dulai PS. Editorial: a clinical decision tool to identify patients who might benefit most from intensified dosing in the biological era-getting nearer? Authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2020;51(7):738-739. doi:10.1111/apt.1567

审批编号:VV-MEDMAT-71924

审批日期:2022年7月

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    2022-08-07 guoyin0901

    好好

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    2022-08-06 ms5000000518166734

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    2022-08-06 bnurmamat
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