Lancet:9年来“换脸”术治疗综述

2014-04-30 zzq0327 dxy

颜面部复合组织缺损导致功能障碍,并严重影响患者心理健康和生活质量。自2005年第一例颜面移植以来,全世界范围内已成功实施了28例“换脸”术,均在外形、功能、心理及免疫各方面取得了令人满意的效果。 图1. 三例颜面部组织移植效果:术前(左)和术后(右)对比照片,右侧照片依次为术后18个月(A)、术后18个月(B)和术后9个月(C)。照片来源:Bohdan Pomahac, Brigha

颜面部复合组织缺损导致功能障碍,并严重影响患者心理健康和生活质量。自2005年第一例颜面移植以来,全世界范围内已成功实施了28例“换脸”术,均在外形、功能、心理及免疫各方面取得了令人满意的效果。


图1. 三例颜面部组织移植效果:术前(左)和术后(右)对比照片,右侧照片依次为术后18个月(A)、术后18个月(B)和术后9个月(C)。照片来源:Bohdan Pomahac, Brigham and Women's Hospital.

但颜面移植多数情况下是为了改善生存状态,而不是挽救生命,因此便带来了伦理上的问题——原本健康的个体将不得不终身、大剂量使用多种免疫抑制剂并承受其不良反应,包括:诱发肿瘤、代谢失调、机会感染、甚至死亡。本文结合伦理学考虑及临床实践中的经验教训,对9年来异体颜面部组织移植术中的免疫学、神经学和解剖学原则进行综述


表1. 2005年—2014年全球28例颜面移植案例

标准的三药免疫抑制方案能够有效促进面部异体复合组织移植物存活,控制免疫抑制剂的不良反应。在几乎所有免疫抑制用药方案中,他克莫司是基本药物。急性排异反应通常发生于一年之内,可采用冲击剂量皮质类固醇予以控制。未见慢性排异反应及移植物抗宿主病报道。

面部感觉在不行三叉神经吻合术的情况下,可逐渐恢复;而恢复面部运动功能,必须进行面部神经吻合,且恢复期较感觉神经更长。


图2. 神经吻合以恢复面部运动功能:(A) 面部远端神经末梢三维重建;(B) 术中照片所示成功地将患者面部神经的远端末梢与供体面部神经残端进行了吻合。 

随着免疫调控和免疫抑制药物、显微外科技术及计算机辅助外科手术设计的进展,拓宽了该手术的临床应用适用人群。皮肤的急性排异反应是对颜面移植受体的最大威胁,但9年来所有28例均使用经典免疫抑制剂有效地控制了急性排异反应。


图3. 应用计算机辅助重建进行移植术前设计:颅颌面三维CT扫描重建反映异体移植术前(A)和术后(B)面部缺损情况;进行了全中面部和下颌骨(包括牙齿和舌头)异体移植术;术前 (C) 和术后16 个月 (D)照片。

编后记:

图4. 西京医院整形外科郭树忠主任与中国换脸第一人李国兴

2006年4月13日,西安市第四军医大学西京医院整形外科主任郭树忠为李国兴实施了世界上第二例、中国首例“换脸”手术,曾在当时轰动一时。李国兴是云南省怒江州兰坪县啦井镇新建村村民,傈僳族人。2003年的一天,他遭黑熊攻击,结果脸部右侧几乎全部毁损。西京医院免费为他换脸成功后,他才重拾了生活的信心。

谨以此文向李国兴老师致敬!致谢!

原始出处:

Saami Khalifian BA a c, Philip S Brazio MD a, Raja Mohan MD a, Cynthia Shaffer MBA a, Gerald Brandacher MD c, Rolf N Barth MD b, Prof Eduardo D Rodriguez MD d.Facial transplantation: the first 9 years.The Lancet, Early Online Publication, 28 April 2014 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62632-X

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102557, encodeId=1d8410255e95, content=以前换脸只是在小说里,但现在自己走进生活中, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8211935267, createdName=1e0db904m55(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Aug 23 14:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30744, encodeId=f19630e4427, content=奇观, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 06:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827785, encodeId=b0c1182e78550, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Oct 12 19:16:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10036, encodeId=816910036c4, content=赞,整形外科的最宏大工程, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c35e104538, createdName=liuyuanyuan, createdTime=Mon Jun 23 17:21:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-08-23 1e0db904m55(暂无匿称)

    以前换脸只是在小说里,但现在自己走进生活中

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102557, encodeId=1d8410255e95, content=以前换脸只是在小说里,但现在自己走进生活中, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8211935267, createdName=1e0db904m55(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Aug 23 14:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30744, encodeId=f19630e4427, content=奇观, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 06:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827785, encodeId=b0c1182e78550, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Oct 12 19:16:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10036, encodeId=816910036c4, content=赞,整形外科的最宏大工程, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c35e104538, createdName=liuyuanyuan, createdTime=Mon Jun 23 17:21:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-07-05 Gsurgeon

    奇观

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102557, encodeId=1d8410255e95, content=以前换脸只是在小说里,但现在自己走进生活中, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8211935267, createdName=1e0db904m55(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Aug 23 14:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30744, encodeId=f19630e4427, content=奇观, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 06:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827785, encodeId=b0c1182e78550, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Oct 12 19:16:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10036, encodeId=816910036c4, content=赞,整形外科的最宏大工程, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c35e104538, createdName=liuyuanyuan, createdTime=Mon Jun 23 17:21:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-10-12 howi
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=102557, encodeId=1d8410255e95, content=以前换脸只是在小说里,但现在自己走进生活中, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c8211935267, createdName=1e0db904m55(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Aug 23 14:53:00 CST 2016, time=2016-08-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=30744, encodeId=f19630e4427, content=奇观, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0a6a1604604, createdName=Gsurgeon, createdTime=Sun Jul 05 06:33:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1827785, encodeId=b0c1182e78550, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Oct 12 19:16:00 CST 2014, time=2014-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=10036, encodeId=816910036c4, content=赞,整形外科的最宏大工程, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c35e104538, createdName=liuyuanyuan, createdTime=Mon Jun 23 17:21:00 CST 2014, time=2014-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2014-06-23 liuyuanyuan

    赞,整形外科的最宏大工程

    0