Front Immunol:HBeAg阳性慢性HBV感染孕妇产后肝炎暴发的临床特征及T细胞免疫特征

2022-05-26 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

阻断母婴传播,乙肝病毒e抗原(HBeAg)阳性慢性HBV (CHB)感染(处于免疫耐受阶段)的孕妇,可采用核苷类似物(NA)干预联合常规免疫阻断方法治疗,可大幅提高妊娠中晚期阻断成功率。

背景:母婴传播以前是中国乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染的主要传播途径,约占慢性感染的40%。阻断母婴传播,在中国和国际指南中推荐,乙肝病毒e抗原(HBeAg)阳性慢性HBV (CHB)感染(处于免疫耐受阶段)的孕妇,可采用核苷类似物(NA)干预联合常规免疫阻断方法治疗,可大幅提高妊娠中晚期阻断成功率。然而,随着更多的患者在妊娠晚期接受NA干预,新的临床问题正在出现;25–45%的患者在停药后会出现产后肝炎复发。这类患者的临床特征和免疫功能的变化目前仍不清楚。

目的:为此,分析了有无产后肝炎暴发患者的临床特点,并初步探讨了免疫功能的差异。

方法:选择2017年7月至2018年7月在首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院就诊的已怀孕(孕8周以下)并准备怀孕的CHB感染妇女,并同意在妊娠晚期进行NA干预以防止母婴传播。纳入标准如下:1)18-40岁的患者,2)乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAgs)阳性超过6个月的患者,3)HBeAg阳性的患者,4)HBV DNA水平≥ 2 × 106 IU/ mL的患者,5)孕前一年内至少两次丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)检测结果正常的患者,6)无抗病毒治疗史的患者。排除标准包括1)患有甲型肝炎、丙型肝炎、人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)或其他病毒感染的患者;2)患有其他慢性肝病者(自身免疫性肝病、酒精性肝病、脂肪肝等。);或3)患有肝硬化、肝癌或产科疾病(例如,妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症)的患者。所有入选受试者均签署知情同意书,本研究由北京佑安医院伦理委员会审查。根据分娩后6-12周的ALT水平将其分为肝炎组(第1组)和非肝炎组(第2组)。分析两组患者的临床特征,采用流式细胞仪检测两组患者分娩前后分化CD8+ T细胞的表型、功能和细胞因子。

结果:第1组共纳入15例产后肝炎患者,第2组选择10例匹配患者作为对照组。与第2组中的个体相比,第1组中的产后临床特征包括基于相对低的HBV DNA水平的ALT水平的显著升高,通常伴随着乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原水平以及HBeAg水平的下降。此外,第1组在分娩后CD8+ T细胞活化增强。特别是,TEMRA亚群的活化有显著差异,CD8+ T细胞表达穿孔素和颗粒酶B的频率增加。

图1 |两组间的临床特征。比较第1组(n=15)和第2组(n=10)在每个随访点的ALT、HBV DNA、HBsAg和HBeAg水平的差异。*p < 0.05,***p < 0.0001。

图2 | CD8+T细胞群体和其他标记物的门控策略。淋巴细胞和单细胞首先被选通。然后对CD3+CD8+细胞进行门控。中枢记忆(TCM: CD45RA-CCR7+)、Tnaive (CD45RA+CCR7+)、效应记忆(TEM: CD45RA-CCR7-)和终末分化效应记忆(TEMRA: CD45RA+ CCR7-)亚群基于门控CD8+细胞进行门控。CD38和HLA-DR基于门控CD8+细胞和每个亚群进行门控。基于门控CD8+细胞门控CD107a、穿孔素、颗粒蛋白、干扰素-g和白细胞介素-2

图3 | CD38和HLA-DR表达的CD8+ T细胞和表型亚群的变化。第1组和第2组分娩前后CD8+ T细胞(A)、TEM亚群(B)和TEMRA亚群(C)上CD38和HLA-DR的表达。分娩后第1组和第2组(D)之间CD8+ T细胞、TEM亚群和TEMRA亚群活化的倍数变化。

图4 |表达CD8+ T细胞的CD107a、GranB和穿孔素的变化。第1组和第2组分娩前后CD8+ T细胞上CD107a、穿孔素和颗粒蛋白的表达。

图5 | | IFN-g和IL-2表达CD8+ T细胞的变化。第1组和第2组分娩前后CD8+ T细胞上IFN-g和IL-2的表达。

结论:CD8+ T细胞免疫特性的改变可能在打破产后肝炎患者免疫耐受中起一定作用,活化和杀伤功能相关指标可能有助于提示产后可能出现肝炎发病人群。

原文出处:Song A,  Liu Y,  Cao Z,et al.Clinical Features and T Cell Immune Characteristics of Postpartum Hepatitis Flare in Pregnant Women With HBeAg-Positive Chronic HBV Infection.Front Immunol 2022;13

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    2022-06-07 klivis
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    2022-05-27 xiaoshitou
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