Nat Med:基因组拷贝数可提前数年预测食管癌转化

2020-09-30 haibei MedSci原创

癌症的早期诊断是提高患者生存率和减少治疗相关副作用的最佳策略之一,然而,这种策略会带来过度治疗的风险。因此,我们需要准确的早期癌症进展的生物标志物来对患者进行分层。

癌症的早期诊断是提高患者生存率和减少治疗相关副作用的最佳策略之一,然而,这种策略会带来过度治疗的风险。因此,我们需要准确的早期癌症进展的生物标志物来对患者进行分层。拷贝数(CN)改变,虽然在癌症中很常见,但很少在正常组织中发现,因此研究人员提出疑问,这些信号是否可以帮助患者早期诊断。

这种策略可以在食管腺癌(EAC)中进行测试,食管腺癌的5年生存率低于20%。其前体组织被称为巴雷特食管(BE)。然而,BE患者进展为EAC的风险仅为每年0.3%左右。

目前的监测计划集中在BE患者的是否存在发育不良和发育不良的等级,这是通过活检的组织病理学检查来确定的。低级(LGD)和高级发育不良(HGD)被用作早期癌症转化和触发干预的代用词,通常是通过内镜切除和射频消融(RFA)来治疗。进展的额外风险因素包括年龄增加、男性性别、BE段长度较大和初始评估时吸烟,但这些还不是临床指南的一部分。

目前,风险评估的改进集中在识别单个分子生物标志物,特别是p53表达和DNA甲基化变化。然而,突变生物标志物的鉴定进展一直是困难的,由于其在BE或EAC的复发点突变的频率低。相反,EAC和BE的特点是早期和频繁的基因组(CN和结构)不稳定。

最近,研究人员在Nature Medicine杂志发文,评估非整倍体和驱动基因突变等基因组信号是否可以用于早期检测和提前的癌症治疗,其使用肿瘤前体病变Barrett食管作为一个例子。

研究人员从88名Barrett食管监测患者中采样,对777个活检样本进行浅层全基因组测序,时间长达15年。结果显示,基因组信号甚至在组织病理转化前10年就能区分进展期和稳定期疾病。这些发现在两个独立的队列上得到了验证,两个队列分别含有76例和248例患者。

本研究所用的方法成本低,适用于标准临床活检样本。与目前基于组织病理学和临床表现的管理指南相比,基因组分类可以使高危患者更早地接受治疗,并减少对不太可能发展为癌症的患者的不必要的治疗和监测。

 

原始出处:

Sarah Killcoyne et al. Genomic copy number predicts esophageal cancer years before transformation. Nature Medicine (2020). 

 

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    2021-04-24 liye789132251
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    2020-11-02 ms7000000898184235

    好文章

    0

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    2020-10-02 zhouqu_8
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    2020-09-30 ms8000002124067161

    好文章!对我很有用

    0

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    2020-09-30 言西早

    癌症的早期诊断是提高患者生存率和减少治疗相关副作用的最佳策略之一。

    0

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