Nat Commun:新型免疫疗法“高效”治疗乙型肝炎

2021-06-09 Viho MedSci原创

英国伦敦大学的科学家们已经确定了一种新的免疫疗法来对抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV),这项开创性的研究使用了直接从病人肝脏和肿瘤组织中分离出来的免疫细胞。

乙肝是肝癌最常见的原因,每年,在全球范围内,慢性HBV导致约88万人死于肝硬化和肝细胞癌/肝癌(HCC)。而肝癌是导致癌症相关死亡的第三大最常见原因;因此,迫切需要更有效的治疗。

英国伦敦大学的科学家们已经确定了一种新的免疫疗法来对抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV),这项开创性的研究使用了直接从病人肝脏和肿瘤组织中分离出来的免疫细胞,以显示针对酰基-CoA:胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT),一种帮助管理细胞中胆固醇水平的酶*,对提高免疫反应非常有效。

发表在Nature Communications上的研究结果显示,用ACAT抑制剂阻断ACAT的活性能促进特定的免疫细胞对抗病毒和相关的癌症肿瘤,显示出其作为一种免疫疗法的有效性。抑制ACAT还被发现能阻碍HBV自身的复制,从而也起到了直接抗病毒的作用。口服ACAT抑制剂之前已被证明作为人类的降胆固醇药物具有良好的耐受性。

"开发新的治疗方案对于改善病人护理至关重要。T细胞等免疫细胞对于对抗病毒和肿瘤是不可或缺的,能够特异性地识别和消除病毒感染或转化的肝细胞;持续的T细胞免疫监测对于控制残留的、不能被抗病毒药物消除的表没体和整合的HBVdna的转录以及限制肿瘤的发生和发展至关重要。目前的标准治疗方法往往不能消除病毒,不能防止癌症发展,也不能拯救免疫细胞。

胆固醇是人体每天在饮食中摄入的一种脂质(脂肪),它可以在身体的不同细胞内发挥多种功能。HBV感染肝脏,这是一个高度富含胆固醇的器官,并以限制局部免疫反应而闻名。

这项研究中,研究人员利用体外的人类肝脏疾病组织样本, ACAT抑制剂提高了人类抗病毒T细胞的能力,能够消除病毒。这种反应与目前可用的治疗方法形成鲜明对比。在HBV感染的肝脏和肝癌内发现的T细胞中,免疫增强效果尤为突出,克服了免疫细胞功能的局部限制,使T细胞能够同时针对病毒和癌细胞。

ACAT抑制增强外周和肝内乙肝病毒特异性CD8+T细胞

随后,Maini小组与牛津大学Jane McKeating教授的实验室合作,证明ACAT抑制剂也能以其他抗病毒药物无法做到的方式阻断HBV的生命周期。因此,这些药物具有独特的抗病毒和免疫治疗效果的组合。说明已经找到了治疗慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染和肝癌的一个高效的新目标。

用ACAT抑制剂调节胆固醇代谢,具有直接针对病毒和肿瘤的独特功能,同时又能增强对抗它们的T细胞。这让我们能够同时从多个方向处理这种疾病"。

现在人们已经知道这种胆固醇调节药物在人体中是安全的,希望这些研究现在能够为胆固醇调节与其他免疫疗法相结合的临床试验的发展提供参考。总之,这些发现为治疗慢性病毒感染和癌症患者提供了令人兴奋的新可能性。

ACAT在体外调节HBV颗粒的生成,抑制剂可以减少病毒和亚病毒颗粒。ACAT的抑制提供了一个代谢检查点的范例,它能够制约肿瘤和病毒,也能拯救衰竭的T细胞,使其成为HBVHBV相关HCC功能性治愈的一个有吸引力的治疗目标。

文章出处:Nathalie M. Schmidt, Peter A. C. Wing, Mariana O. Diniz, Laura J. Pallett, Leo Swadling, James M. Harris, Alice R. Burton, Anna Jeffery-Smith, Nekisa Zakeri, Oliver E. Amin, Stephanie Kucykowicz, Mirjam H. Heemskerk, Brian Davidson, Tim Meyer, Joe Grove, Hans J. Stauss, Ines Pineda-Torra, Clare Jolly, Elizabeth C. Jury, Jane A. McKeating, Mala K. Maini. Targeting human Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase as a dual viral and T cell metabolic checkpointNature Communications, 2021; 12 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22967-7

 

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    2022-05-07 liuli5079
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    2021-10-26 jiazhoudexue

    估计五年之内乙肝的治疗就像感冒那么简单

    0

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    2022-03-15 liye789132251
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    2021-06-12 zt123

    学习了一下

    0

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Biomed Res Int:肝细胞再生在预测乙肝相关急性-慢性肝衰竭方面的价值

目前,尚未清楚肝细胞再生在预测乙肝相关急性-慢性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)预后方面的价值。近日,研究人员希望构建一个新的评分系统,通过应用肝脏再生和肝脏损伤的血清学指标来预测患者3个月内的预后,研究结

Dig Dis Sci:慢性乙型肝炎患者晚期肝纤维化与坏死性炎症相关与肝脂肪变性无关

慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)是一个全球性的健康问题,全球约有2.5亿人受到影响,患有CHB的人会发生各种不良后果,例如肝失代偿,肝硬化和肝细胞癌(HCC)。

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Allergy:鼻腔过敏原中和抗体与可耐受的鼻内过敏原挑战剂量有何关系?

研究人员分析了 SCIT 诱导 LAR 患者局部和全身阻断抗体的能力。结果发现,草花粉 SCIT 诱导的功能性全身阻断抗体与 NAC 后可耐受的过敏原浓度相关。

浙江大学平渊教授《自然·通讯》: 可热诱导工程化巨噬细胞的促炎极化可在免疫疗法期间重塑肿瘤免疫微环境

在本研究中,浙江大学平渊教授等人发现,具有热诱导型遗传开关的工程化巨噬细胞(eMac)可响应温和的升温以诱导过继转移的eMac的自极化和肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM)的再极化。

浦侃裔最新AM: 可抑制外泌体的聚合声敏剂用于肿瘤特异性声动力学免疫疗法

这项研究首次表明了将SDT与肿瘤特异性外泌体抑制相结合可以在没有典型免疫激动剂帮助的情况下引发有效的免疫应答。

王朝辉/饶浪AM:生物基凝胶在癌症免疫治疗中的应用!

中国医学科学院药物研究所王朝辉&深圳湾实验室饶浪深入探讨了基于生物的水凝胶在癌症免疫疗法中的近期进展和协同组合方法,突出了其多样化的应用。本综述将指导癌症免疫疗法领域中水凝胶的合理设计,促进临床转化,

赵彦利教授/张洪杰院士最新JACS:单位点纳米酶可用于铜死亡和级联强化T细胞介导的抗癌免疫疗法

这种免疫纳米重塑剂可以通过增强肿瘤免疫原性、重塑ECM和下调IC,大大增强T细胞的浸润和抗肿瘤活性,从而实现对肿瘤生长和转移的有效抑制。

World Allergy Organ J:300 IR HDM SLIT 片剂对欧洲屋尘螨过敏性鼻炎患者的临床疗效如何?

研究人员分析了 300 IR HDM 舌下免疫疗法(SLIT)片剂在欧洲人群的治疗效果。结果发现,它是一种有效和安全的治疗方法,从患者的角度来看,它具有临床显著益处。