Circulation:一例抗抑郁药去甲替林中毒导致的复杂QRS节律

2020-09-25 Q MedSci原创

服用过量时,去甲替林和其他TCA药物通过拮抗心肌中的快速钠通道和His-Purkinje系统(降低传导速度、延迟复极化、延长不应期。)而引起心脏毒性。

52岁男性,患有高血压、抑郁症、3期慢性肾脏病、酗酒并发坏死性胰腺炎进行了坏死胰腺切除术、慢性腹痛(采用美沙酮控制);既往还发生过一次心脏骤停发作(心脏检查无异常,包括超声心动图、动态监护仪、核应力测试和冠状动脉造影),就诊急诊时,自述有腹部弥漫性压痛,有言语不清的清醒感觉,否认胸痛和心悸。当前服用药物有琥珀酸美托洛尔、泮托拉唑、坦洛新、胰酶、舍曲林、去甲替林、恩丹西酮、美沙酮和加巴喷丁。

体格检查:心动过速,113次/分,腹部弥漫性压痛,无法遵循多步指令。

实验室研究显示高敏感性肌钙蛋白无明显变化(53变为51 ng/L),B型钠尿肽(BNP)升高(551 pg/mL),肌酸激酶升高(2567 U/L);全血细胞计数和基本代谢均无异常。血液酒精、水杨酸盐和对乙酰氨基酚水平均为阴性。尿液药物筛查结果尚未出来。

首次十二导联心电图(ECG)检查:


窦性心动过速、心室率 111次/分、I级房室传导阻滞、右束支传导阻滞、QRS持续 174 ms、上轴、QTc 630 ms,终末R波 aVR >3 mm、R/S比>0.7。

ECG变化提示三环抗抑郁药(TCA)中毒。虽然单就ECG特征不能确诊或排除TCA中毒的诊断,但其可以结合病史、体格检查和实验室结果指导临床医生考虑TCA中毒可能。

患者妻子进一步提供的病史显示,该患者最近服用了加倍剂量的去甲替林(25 mg/晚→50 mg/晚),而且还多次不小心服用了两倍或三倍剂量的该药物。如果该患者是按处方服药,那他的剩余去甲替林少了20片,而且尿检三环类药物是阳性的。

该患者住进ICU,接受合理治疗。定期复查ECG。

碳酸氢钠治疗24小时后复查12导联ECG:


心室率、QRS宽度和QTc间隔均改善

总结:

服用过量时,去甲替林和其他TCA药物通过拮抗心肌中的快速钠通道和His-Purkinje系统(降低传导速度、延迟复极化、延长不应期。)而引起心脏毒性。除了影响钠离子通道,TCA还具有抗毒蕈碱作用,可导致窦性心动过速和抗肾上腺素/组织胺特性,从而导致某些患者出现镇静和低血压

TCA中毒时可表现为多种ECG结果。这些结果还见于原发性心律失常(窦性心动过速、室性早搏、室性心动过速和室颤、SVT异常、窦性停博)和原发性传导阻滞(QRS延长、QT间期延长、PR间期延长、QRS轴右偏、RaVR波增幅增加、房室传导阻滞和束支传导阻滞)。如果不处理,这种毒性反应可发展为癫痫和致命性室性心律失常;特征性的ECG改变:QRS波>100 ms或QRS复合波末尾右偏40 ms,已被证明可预测这种毒性进展。

该患者迅速被诊断为TCA中毒,予以碳酸氢钠治疗。开始治疗24小时内,该患者的QRS持续时间和QTc均明显改善,感觉完全恢复。

该病例的亮点:病史、体格检查和实验室数据联合解释了ECG检查结果,快速明确患者精神改变是因为过量服用TCA,从而及时的予以碳酸氢钠治疗

原始出处:

Joseph S. Krivda, et al. Wide Complex QRS Rhythm in a 52-Year-Old Man With Altered Mental Status. Circulation. 2020;142:1224–1226.https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.049324

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    2020-11-05 wetgdt
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    2020-09-27 mashirong
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