Lancet Neurol:难分伯仲——非免疫原性重组葡激酶与阿尔替普酶治疗急性缺血性卒中患者的比较(FRIDA)

2021-10-25 Naomii MedSci原创

对于急性缺血性卒中患者,非免疫原性葡激酶的疗效不逊于阿尔替普酶。病死率、症状性颅内出血和严重不良事件在各组之间没有显著差异,其在4.5h时间窗内治疗急性缺血性卒中的安全性和有效性有待进一步研究。

      卒中是世界范围内导致死亡和残疾的主要原因。超过70%的卒中事件是急性缺血性卒中,需要静脉溶栓治疗,但由于症状出现后的时间窗,只有一小部分缺血性卒中患者有资格接受这种治疗。重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂Alteplase是全球唯一被批准用于治疗急性缺血性卒中患者的药物。然而,Alteplase几乎没有纤溶效果使得动脉再通。因此,开发一种替代的、更有效的、更安全的溶栓疗法是必要的。

      葡激酶于1948年被LACK首次分离,并在随后的几年中改进了纯化方法,其独特的纤维蛋白选择性使这种溶栓剂成为20世纪90年代ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)和急性缺血性中风患者一线治疗的候选药物。在STEMI患者的葡激酶试点试验中,大多数人的梗死相关冠状动脉再通率高于阿尔替普酶组,但他们在输注后出现了中和性抗葡萄球菌激酶IgS,这种情况持续了几个月。因此,葡激酶的高免疫原性阻碍了其广泛应用。氨基酸替代,包括Lys74Ala、Glu75Ala、Arg77Ala,这可以使STEMI患者中和抗葡萄球菌激酶IgS滴度降低200多倍。

      非免疫原性葡萄激酶是一种溶栓剂,产生抗体减少,免疫原性低,生物活性高。它于2012年在俄罗斯注册为治疗STEMI患者的溶栓药物。在一项针对STEMI患者的多中心随机临床试验(FRIDOM 1)中,非免疫原性葡激酶在所有患者中作为单次静脉推注15毫克,无论体重如何,表现出与替替普利类似的高再灌注通畅率和较少的轻微出血事件,并且没有中和IgGs。据报道,在4000多名STEMI患者中,该药物的颅内出血和出血事件发生率低、疗效高,这表明该药物可用于急性缺血性中风患者的研究。近日有研究评价了非免疫原性葡激酶单次静脉滴注与阿替普酶治疗急性缺血性卒中患者发病后4.5h内的安全性和有效性。

      研究人员在俄罗斯的18个临床地点进行了一项随机、开放、多中心、平行分组、非劣势试验。纳入了18岁及以上被诊断为急性缺血性卒中的患者(美国国立卫生研究院卒中评分高达25分)。研究药物必须在症状出现后4.5h内给药。患者被随机分配接受非免疫原性葡萄球菌激酶(10 Mg)或阿替普酶(0.9 mg/kg,最大90 mg)静脉注射。该随机化序列是由一位独立的生物统计学家使用计算机生成的随机数创建的。84块(块大小为4)不透明密封信封按从1到336的顺序编号,并按数字顺序打开。患者不知道他们被分配的治疗,并由研究调查人员进行评估,他们也不知道在所有试验日的治疗分配。急诊科的工作人员给他们注射了分配的药物,并打开了信封,他们没有盲治。主要疗效终点是一个有利的结果,定义为第90天的改良Rankin量表(MRS)评分为0-1。根据第90天MRS评分0~1的差值,确定非自卑边际为16%。仅对主要结果采用韦尔奇t检验进行非劣势检验。终点在按方案人群中进行分析,该人群包括所有随机分配的患者,他们在没有违反任何方案的情况下完成治疗;这一人群与意向治疗人群相同。这项试验在ClinicalTrials.gov,NCT03151993上完成并注册。

  • 在2017年3月18日至2019年3月23日招募的385名患者中,336名(87%)纳入试验。168名患者(50%)被随机分配接受非免疫原性葡萄激酶治疗,168名患者(50%)接受阿尔替普酶治疗。中位随访时间为89天(IQR 89-89)。
  • 非免疫性葡激酶治疗组168例中有84例(50%)在治疗90d时预后良好,而阿替普酶组168例中有68例(40%),优势比(OR)为1.47,95%可信区间(CI)为0.93~2.32;P=0.10。90d优良率差异为9.5%(95%CI-1.7~20.7),下限未超过非劣势界限(P非劣势<0.0001)。
  • 非免疫原性葡激酶组有5例(3%)患者出现症状性颅内出血,阿尔替普酶组有13例(8%)患者出现症状性颅内出血(p=0.087)。在第90天,非免疫原性葡激酶组17例(10%)和阿替普酶组24例(14%)死亡(p=0.32)。
  • 非免疫原性葡激酶组有22例(13%)出现严重不良事件,而阿替普酶组有37例(22%)发生严重不良事件(p=0.044)。

      对于急性缺血性卒中患者,非免疫原性葡激酶的疗效不逊于阿替普酶。病死率、症状性颅内出血和严重不良事件在各组之间没有显著差异。非免疫原性葡激酶在4·5h时间窗内治疗急性缺血性卒中的安全性和有效性有待进一步研究,在此时间窗外的急性缺血性卒中患者则需要通过再灌注CT或磁共振血管成像(如有必要,行血栓切除术)来评估该药的安全性和有效性。

文献来源:Gusev EI, Martynov MY, Nikonov AA, et al. Non-immunogenic recombinant staphylokinase versus alteplase for patients with acute ischaemic stroke 4·5 h after symptom onset in Russia (FRIDA): a randomised, open label, multicentre, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(9):721-728. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00210-6

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    2022-09-21 yinhl1978
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    2021-12-17 zhaojie88
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    2021-10-25 redcrab

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