2019 CSCO:范云教授:生物标志物检测指导下的肺癌精准治疗

2019-10-09 佚名 肿瘤资讯

近年来,肿瘤个体化治疗在临床实践中显着提高了患者总生存和生活质量,使患者获益最大化,而精准的分子标志物检测是肿瘤个体化治疗的基石与前提。作为精准治疗的倡导者与先行者,罗氏诊断于2019 CSCO年会上召开了主题为“PHC 2.0-精准治疗+数字化方案推动精准医疗”的卫星会,范云教授在会上作了题为“生物标志物检测指导下的肺癌精准治疗”的精彩报告。

近年来,肿瘤个体化治疗在临床实践中显着提高了患者总生存和生活质量,使患者获益最大化,而精准的分子标志物检测是肿瘤个体化治疗的基石与前提。作为精准治疗的倡导者与先行者,罗氏诊断于2019 CSCO年会上召开了主题为“PHC 2.0-精准治疗+数字化方案推动精准医疗”的卫星会,范云教授在会上作了题为“生物标志物检测指导下的肺癌精准治疗”的精彩报告。

范云,教授 主任医师 博士生导师,浙江省肿瘤医院胸部肿瘤内科主任,中国临床肿瘤学会理事,中国临床肿瘤学会小细胞肺癌专家委员会副主任委员,浙江省抗癌协会肿瘤内科专业委员会候任主任委员,浙江省医师协会肿瘤精准治疗专委会主任委员 ,浙江省抗癌协会抗癌药物及药理专业委员会副主任委员,浙江省抗癌协会食管癌专业委员会副主任委员,浙江省医学会肿瘤学分会常委.

NSCLC驱动基因检测方案优化选择

范云教授:在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)人群中,驱动基因阳性的患者占到70%左右,近十年来国内外指南均推荐NSCLC患者进行驱动基因的检测。指南推荐至少要对EGFR、ALK和ROS1三个基因进行检测,若患者的样本量足够,还推荐进行BRAF、MET、RET、HER2和KRAS更多基因的检测。

NSCLC驱动基因检测中最常见和最重要的是EGFR基因检测,它与一代,二代和三代TKI众多药物疗效数据表明,EGFR突变患者选择靶向药物治疗可明显获益。在实际临床应用中如何选择样本类型呢?首先推荐组织样本,如果组织样本无法获取,尤其针对耐药以后的患者,血浆ctDNA检测也是非常重要的环节。血浆ctDNA的检测方法有ARMS,Super ARMS,cobas、微滴式数字PCR(ddPCR)和高通量二代测序(NGS)。

血液ctDNA研究是目前非常热门的领域。从BENEFIT研究可见,血浆ctDNA检测发现EGFR突变的人群,使用吉非替尼治疗后有非常好的结果:客观缓解率(ORR)为72.1%,中位无进展生存(PFS)为9.5个月,第8周疾病控制率(DCR)为92.3%,因此,血浆ctDNA检测的结果可以指导后续治疗。此外,在第8周时观察到部分患者EGFR突变仍为阳性,而部分患者转阴,转阴患者PFS可以达到11个月,未转阴患者PFS只有2.1个月,可见通过血浆ctDNA的监测可以预测患者的生存获益。在一项使用罗氏诊断cobas EGFR v2血检试剂盒的AURA3奥希替尼多中心,随机III期临床研究中,验证了无论是在用药后第3周还是第6周ctDNA的动态变化都可以预测患者的疗效。另外,有研究表明T790M检出中位时间较影像学疾病进展提前2个月左右,此时面临的问题即为是否进行提前干预,提前干预的患者生存是否更长。APPLE 研究正在做这方面的探索,这个试验通过cobas EGFR v2血检试剂盒进行动态监测,非常期待这个研究结果能够给患者带来更长的生存获益。

目前NGS技术的应用越来越多,因其确实能够解决高敏感度和多基因检测的问题,不单单检测热点基因,也可以检测出其它更多的基因。但是NGS也有局限性,对于融合突变的检出尚有难度,而免疫组化是融合突变良好的检测手段。另外,若标本质量不理想也会导致NGS测序深度不够,不均匀,降低敏感性。所以没有一项检测技术是完美的,仍需要多种方法,多种技术来解决临床问题。

免疫检查点抑制剂生物标志物检测的探索

范云教授:近年来,免疫治疗取得令人瞩目的成果,诸多临床研究已证实免疫治疗可显着延长晚期肺癌患者的生存期。免疫治疗生物标志物的探索也成为研究的热点,目前最受临床关注的生物标志物包括 PD-L1和TMB。

PD-L1作为免疫治疗的预测性标志物已在多个免疫治疗药物中被证实,并且是唯一被证实能够指导免疫治疗的伴随诊断。KEYNOTE-001研究显示针对经治的晚期NSCLC患者,PD-L1表达≥50%的人群5年生存率为25%,而PD-L1阴性的人群5年生存率仅为3.5%,所以PD-L1检测可以帮助临床鉴别获益人群,目前是指南推荐必须要检测的免疫靶点。

TMB作为预测性生物标志物还颇受争议,一些研究认为它可以预测疗效,高TMB和低TMB患者的临床获益有区别。但今年有两项研究KEYNOTE-021和KEYNOTE-189认为TMB并无预测价值。因此,TMB目前还不是一个完美的生物标志物,需要更多的临床研究进一步探索。

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