Nat Biotech:重大突破!新技术可让肝脏实现体外“7天超长待机”!

2020-01-17 不详 生物探索

肝移植是晚期肝癌病人绝境中求生的最有效手段,但由于供体数有限,加上器官保存技术的限制,每年只有少数患者接受肝移植手术。一项发表在《Nature Biotechnology》上的新报告显示,这一困境有望通过一种新技术得到解决。

肝移植是晚期肝癌病人绝境中求生的最有效手段,但由于供体数有限,加上器官保存技术的限制,每年只有少数患者接受肝移植手术。一项发表在《Nature Biotechnology》上的新报告显示,这一困境有望通过一种新技术得到解决。

这份报告来自于苏黎世大学一组由外科医生、生物学家和工程师组成的研究团队,他们开发出一种灌注技术,不仅能够将代谢活跃的肝脏离体保存1周,还能够修复受损的肝脏,使其恢复机能。


https://doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0374-x

一般而言,供体肝脏的保存方式是在摘取时用冷溶液冲洗器官,然后在冰上静态保存,但这是以降低代谢活性为代价,并且肝脏仅能保存12~18个小时。相比之下,机器灌注的方式能够让肝脏在受控环境中保持长达24小时的完整代谢活性,但如果要达到修复肝脏的目的,则需要更长的时间。因此,在这次实验中,研究人员将肝脏保存时间设定为7天。

早期对猪肝所做的实验表明,要使灌注液能够达到长期保存肝脏的能力,必须扫除五个障碍:控制葡萄糖代谢,防止溶血,去除废物,控制灌注液氧合和隔膜模拟运动。在这次的实验中,研究人员逐一研究和克服了这些问题。具体方法为:

·使用连续在线的传感器自动监测灌流液中葡萄糖水平,通过自动注射胰岛素和胰高血糖素来实现葡萄糖水平的闭环控制;

·选择只有一个泵头和一个氧合器的灌注回路设计产生脉动血流,从而形成了一种模仿体内环境的脉冲波形;

·在灌注回路中集成了透析膜,执行关键的排泄肾功能,从而在7天内无需更换灌注液;

·使用一种能够自动调节门静脉的血氧饱和度的算法,在维持肝动脉生理流量的同时,避免门静脉过度充氧;

·通过人工维持肺通气的方式诱导肝脏进行膈膜运动。



机器灌注7天后,研究人员测试了这些肝脏的生存能力,发现它们在功能上与标准冷藏移植的肝脏没有差异。

随后,研究人员使用10只遭到医院丢弃的人体肝脏对这一新技术进行了测试。此前,这些人体肝脏由于功能太差而被所有的欧洲医院拒之门外。

通过肝动脉、门静脉、腔静脉和胆管将这些肝脏与离体灌注机相连,研究人员观察到,其中6只肝脏在有效存活7天的同时还恢复了原有的机能,另外它们此前受到的损伤也得到修复。

尽管还需要更多的测试以评估机器灌注的实际效果,但是这一新技术启示我们,那些不符合移植条件的肝脏或许也能在净化和修复后用于挽救患者的生命。同时,未来有望将供体肝脏分成几个解剖段在机器中再生,从而使移植器官的可用性增加一倍甚至三倍。

原始出处;

Dilmurodjon Eshmuminov, Dustin Becker, Lucia Bautista Borrego, et.al. An integrated perfusion machine preserves injured human livers for 1 week. Nature Biotechology 13 January 2020

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    2020-03-15 cathymary
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    2020-09-10 shock_melon
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    2020-10-04 sunylz
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    2020-08-07 liye789132251

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伦敦国王学院的研究人员利用单细胞RNA测序技术,发现了一种可以再生肝脏组织的细胞,可以在不需要移植的情况下治疗肝功能衰竭。在近日发表在《Nature Communications》杂志上的一篇论文中,科学家们发现了一种名为肝胆混合祖细胞(HHyP)的新型细胞,它是在我们的子宫早期发育过程中形成的。令人惊讶的是,HHyP在成人中也存在少量,这些细胞可以生长成成人肝脏的两种主要细胞类型(肝细胞和胆管细