新冠动态丨Cell子刊发表研究:新冠病毒D614G突变不仅没有影响疫苗保护效果,反而对疫苗更敏感!

2020-12-09 华山感染 华山感染

新冠病毒持续在全球肆虐,新增感染人数屡创新高,全球抗疫的任务依然异常艰巨。好在最近关于疫苗的好消息不断出现,辉瑞/BioNTech和Moderna先后公布了三期临床实验中期分析结果,疫苗的有效性均大于

新冠病毒持续在全球肆虐,新增感染人数屡创新高,全球抗疫的任务依然异常艰巨。好在最近关于疫苗的好消息不断出现,辉瑞/BioNTech和Moderna先后公布了三期临床实验中期分析结果,疫苗的有效性均大于90%,为控制疫情恢复正常生活带来了曙光。

但病毒难以对付的一个原因就在于其能够快速突变,进而影响其传播能力、毒力等特征。例如现在流行的主要毒株G614,在出现短短几个月后迅速占据了主导地位(图1),已有多篇文章证实该突变会增强新冠病毒的传播能力。

疫苗作为对抗病毒的最有力武器,大家自然担心这个突变是否会影响疫苗的效果,之前的分析认为,该突变虽然位于S蛋白上,但处于病毒进入细胞的最关键区域RBD之外,应该不会有太大的影响。现在基于实验的实锤证据来了,G614突变不仅没有影响疫苗的效果,反而对疫苗更为敏感!真是意外之喜。

来自美国、英国和德国多个研究组的联合研究展示了上述结论,论文发表在Cell子刊 Cell Host & Microbe。研究人员先给小鼠或恒河猴接种疫苗,采集免疫之后的血清来观察对D614和G614假病毒的中和活性,同时还从新冠疫苗的试验者和病毒感染后的康复者体内分离血清,以及针对RBD的单克隆抗体,来比较对两种病毒的中和能力,结果均显示G614突变更容易被中和。

详细来看,小鼠实验中使用了40只小鼠,分别通过皮内注射(I.D.)和肌肉注射(I.M.)两种剂量的Moderna的新冠疫苗(和三期临床实验中使用的疫苗一致),每只小鼠接种两次疫苗,间隔4周。免疫完成后取小鼠的血清来评估对两种假病毒的中和效果,结果显示无论接种方式和剂量,免疫之后的小鼠血清对G614的中和效果均优于早期的D614,尽管免疫时用的是D614序列。

接下来利用11只恒河猴,评估了两种不同的RNA疫苗:全长的S蛋白和RBD区域,接种第二剂疫苗4周后采血评估对两种病毒的中和活性,结果显示两种疫苗都对G614的中和效果更强,尽管614位点不在RBD区域。

动物实验之后,研究人员还使用了7例一期临床实验志愿者的血清,以及70例明确感染了D614或G614病毒的康复患者血清,多有标本都显示出对G614更强的中和活性。接种疫苗后最终起作用的还是病毒特异性抗体,作者直接利用RBD特异性抗体比较了对两种病毒的中和活性,结果和之前的实验结果一致。

为什么疫苗会对G614效果更好呢?

研究人员通过电镜发现,虽然614位于RBD区域之外,但是会影响S蛋白的结构,突变后导致RBD区域更容易暴露出来,进而被抗体识别。

这篇研究让我们暂时不用担心新冠病毒突变对疫苗造成的影响了,但未来是否会产生其它的突变还不清楚。带好口罩、勤洗手等日常预防措施对于阻断病毒的传播还是很有必要的。这篇研究采用的是RNA疫苗路线,对其它类型的疫苗是否也有相同的结论还需要进一步验证。基于RNA的疫苗已经取得了突破性的好结果,也期待国产疫苗早日公布三期数据。终结新冠,已经看到曙光了!

参考文献:

D614G Spike Mutation Increases SARS CoV-2 Susceptibility to Neutralization. Cell Host and Microbe. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.11.012

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    2021-01-19 维他命
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    2020-12-10 狂野的心

    新冠肺炎必须战胜!

    0

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    2020-12-10 Jessie Zhang

    这篇研究让我们暂时不用担心新冠病毒突变对疫苗造成的影响了,但未来是否会产生其它的突变还不清楚!#免疫#

    0

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    2020-12-10 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2020-12-10 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0

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    2020-12-09 LaserDermatol

    向死亡方向突变?

    0

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