Lancet Respir Med:多重耐药性肺结核治疗中药物相关不良事件的发生

2020-04-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

前言

前言

 

     耐多药结核病为结核菌至少同时耐异烟肼和利福平两种或两种以上药物的结核病。由于治疗方案有限,加上频繁的不良反应相关的药物耐受性,以及高治疗失败率及死亡率,XDR结核病的治疗极具挑战性。

结核杆菌

 

研究背景

 

      耐多药结核病的治疗需要长期治疗,且需要多种二线药物的联合治疗。这些药物与许多不良事件的发生相关,而这些不良事件可能导致诸如失明、耳聋等严重疾病的发生,且在某些情况下可能会导致患者死亡。更好地了解所有用于治疗耐多药结核病的药物的毒性,是改善患者管理和治疗效果的重要一步。

 

     本文旨在评估与不同结核病药物有关的不良事件的绝对和相对发生率,以为临床医生和结核病项目选择最佳治疗方案提供有用的信息。

 

研究方法

 

      使用基于个人水平的患者数据进行了荟萃分析,这些数据来源于报道不良事件的研究,且这些不良事件导致抗结核药物的永久停用。使用为既往耐多药结核病治疗及结果进行荟萃分析而创建的数据库,对该数据库进行了系统的文献综述,纳入2009年1月1日至2015年8月31日(2016年4月15日更新)发表的文章,且文章作者提供每名患者的信息。使用单组率的荟萃分析和基于臂的网络荟萃分析评估每种结核病药物不良事件的发生率。

 

研究结果

研究选择

     

     研究筛选了58项研究,其中50项来自针对耐多药结核病治疗的最新患者数据荟萃分析。纳入其中35项研究(包括9178例患者)进行荟萃分析。

研究选择

 

不良事件发生率

 

     单组率的荟萃分析结果显示,不良事件发生率低导致永久停药的药物包括左氧氟沙星(1.3%[95%CI 0.3-5.0]),莫西沙星(2.9%[1.6 -5.0]),贝达喹啉(1.7%[0.7-4.2])和氯法齐明(1.6%[0.5-5.3])。

 

     三种二线注射药物(阿米卡星:10.2%[6.3-16.0];卡那霉素:7.5%[4.6-11.9];开普霉素:8.2%[6.3-10.7],氨基水杨酸(11.6%[7.1-18.3])和利奈唑胺(14.1%[9.9-19.6]),导致永久停药的不良事件发生率相对较高。

 

讨论

 

     在这项研究中,研究人员发现氟喹诺酮类,苯达喹啉和氯法齐明是导致永久性停药的不良事件发生率最低的药物,使用这三种药物可以提高耐多药结核病治疗方案的有效性和耐受性;而二线注射药物,氨基水杨酸和利奈唑胺是导致永久性停药的不良事件发生率最高的药物,需要评估使用新药和改良药物的全口服多药耐药结核病治疗方案。该研究发现为指导临床医生和结核病计划选择方案提供了有价值的信息,并为无注射方案的治疗指南提供了支持。

 

     该研究强调了密切监测不良事件对于正在接受多药耐药结核病治疗的患者的重要性,同时也强调了使用更安全和耐受性更强的药物以减少多药耐药结核患者自身治疗过程中不良事件发生率的迫切性。

 

     该研究的局限性在于,尽管该研究分析了大量患者,但该患者数据荟萃分析中除两项研究外,所有研究均为观察性设计,由此不可避免的带来偏倚,特别是,已经知道一些药物会导致特定类型的不良事件。超过一半以上的研究中没有提供患者用药时间的信息,因此该研究没有考虑每个人的用药时间。此外,由于大多数患者根据WHO指南接受了标准的药物剂量,因此无法评估药物剂量对不良事件发生率的影响。

 

研究意义及展望

 

      该荟萃分析结果显示,导致永久性停药的不良事件发生率最低的是氟喹诺酮类,氯法齐明和贝达喹啉,最高的是二线注射药物——氨基水杨酸和利奈唑胺。这些结果表明,密切监测不良事件的发生对正在接受多药耐药结核病治疗的患者十分重要。此外,该荟萃分析结果还强调了迫切需要更安全和耐受性更强的药物,以减少多药耐药结核病患者治疗时并发症的发生。

 

参考文献

Zhiyi Lan , Nafees Ahmad, et al., Drug-associated adverse events in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Apr;8(4):383-394. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30047-3.

 

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    2020-07-17 howi
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    2020-04-15 智慧医人

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