Nature Medicine:基因组数据揭示当前猴痘疫情的演化轨迹

2022-06-26 生物世界 生物世界

尽管仍需开展进一步研究,但这些结果为病毒演化的潜在机制以及病毒适应人体的可能基因靶点提供了相关数据,有助于阐明2022年猴痘病毒毒株的演化轨迹。

猴痘是一种跨物种传播(包括从动物到人)的罕见传染病,其病原体为正痘病毒属(该属也包括天花病毒)的猴痘病毒(Monkeypox Virus,MPXV)。

猴痘在非洲西部和中部国家呈现地方性流行,除此以外地区报告的少量病例一般都与从这些国家进口货物有关。2022年5月首次发现了猴痘在多国暴发的事件,截至6月18日,全球已累计报告逾2500例确诊病例。

2022年6月24日,葡萄牙国立卫生研究院的研究人员在国际顶尖医学期刊 Nature Medicine 发表了题为:Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus 的论文。

该研究显示,2022年5月发现的猴痘疫情的相关病毒毒株是2018-2019年非洲地方性流行国家暴发的猴痘病毒的一个特征明确的趋异演化枝,或代表了该病毒最近的演化改变。该研究还指出了猴痘病毒正在人际传播过程中持续演化,这或许解释了该毒株的传播率为何会上升。

图片

为了查明2022年猴痘疫情的源头,研究团队重建了与此次疫情相关的猴痘病毒的基因组序列。他们的分析显示,这个猴痘病毒属于猴痘病毒演化枝3,而且当前传播的疫情很有可能拥有同一个起源。2022年的猴痘病毒与2018-2019年的近缘病毒相差约50个单核苷酸多态性(即基因变异),远远超出了正痘病毒的一般水平。作者认为,这个趋异演化枝或许表示演化仍在加速进行。进一步分析还在此次疫情的人际传播中发现了病毒持续演化的首批迹象——15个单核苷酸多态性、次要变异和基因删除。

尽管仍需开展进一步研究,但这些结果为病毒演化的潜在机制以及病毒适应人体的可能基因靶点提供了相关数据,有助于阐明2022年猴痘病毒毒株的演化轨迹。

论文链接:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01907-y

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    2022-08-29 kalseyzl
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    2023-02-09 jeanqiuqiu
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