Cell:突破,升级版CRISPR筛选工具成功改造免疫细胞,并提高其抗癌能力

2018-11-23 水成文 BioWorld

杀伤性T细胞在免疫介导的癌症、传染病和自身免疫疾病的控制中发挥核心作用。诸如免疫检查点抑制剂和细胞治疗等免疫疗法正在彻底改变癌症治疗方法。然而,尽管在一些患者中有显着效果,但多数患者对免疫疗法没有反应。要将免疫疗法扩展到目前仍然难以治愈的常见癌症,仍有许多工作要做。

杀伤性T细胞在免疫介导的癌症、传染病和自身免疫疾病的控制中发挥核心作用。诸如免疫检查点抑制剂和细胞治疗等免疫疗法正在彻底改变癌症治疗方法。然而,尽管在一些患者中有显着效果,但多数患者对免疫疗法没有反应。要将免疫疗法扩展到目前仍然难以治愈的常见癌症,仍有许多工作要做。

2018年11月15日,加州大学旧金山分校的Alexander Marson团队在Cell杂志发表题为:Genome-wide CRISPR Screens in Primary Human T Cells Reveal Key Regulators of Immune Function 的研究论文,开发出了一种基于CRISPR的新技术—SLICE,通过全基因组筛选,成功筛选鉴定出人原代T细胞中的四个靶标基因,删除这些基因后,T细胞的增殖和抗癌能力显着增强。

该方法能够快速评估癌症患者原代T细胞中基因的功能,从而能更好地改造免疫细胞,以对抗癌症和其他疾病。

SLICE:single guide RNA (sgRNA) lentiviral infection with Cas9 protein electroporation,即sgRNA慢病毒感染与Cas9蛋白电穿孔。

基于sgRNA慢病毒文库的CRISPR筛选是近年来发展起来的功能基因筛选的最有力武器,然而对于原代T细胞来说,体外培养时间有限,慢病毒载体编码Cas9蛋白时间太长,这一武器在人原代T细胞上的应用因此受到很大阻碍。

SLICE技术,将sgRNA慢病毒文库与Cas9蛋白电穿孔相结合,将表达所需时间短的sgRNA通过慢病毒递送,将Cas9蛋白直接通过电穿孔的方式直接递送。在原代人T细胞中全基因组范围内实现功能丧失筛选,鉴定促进T细胞增殖的基因。

这种基于电穿孔的CRISPR技术有效解决了原代T细胞在体外培养时间不长,慢病毒Cas9递送系统表达时间慢的问题,进而大大提高了递送效率。



进一步将合并的CRISPR递送系统与人T细胞的单细胞转录组分析相结合,以表征在全基因组筛选中发现调节T细胞应答的几种基因控制的细胞程序。

这些基于CRISPR的功能遗传研究的整合迅速确定了人类T细胞中的基因功能,这些基因可以被靶向以增强刺激依赖性增殖、激活反应和癌细胞杀伤力。

SLICE为原代人类T细胞中全基因组CRISPR功能丧失筛选提供了一个新平台,SLICE筛选可以在来自多个人类供体的原代细胞中大规模地进行,确保生物学上可重复发现。

总的来说,这一新型CRISPR筛选技术,可以快速高效地探索人类免疫细胞中的功能基因,从而能更好地改造免疫细胞,以对抗癌症和其他疾病。也有望加速下一代免疫疗法中有希望的临床前候选物的发现。

原始出处:Eric Shifrut, Julia Carnevale, Victoria Tobin, et al. Genome-wide CRISPR Screens in Primary Human T Cells Reveal Key Regulators of Immune Function. Cell. November 15, 2018

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    2019-03-20 维他命
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    2018-11-24 yuandd
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    2018-11-23 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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