JCI Insight:急性有氧运动揭示FAHFA区分超重和正常体重跑步者的代谢物

2022-03-11 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

肥胖流行病及其相关的心脏代谢并发症是全世界公认的公共健康危机。然而,肥胖并不一定等同于肥胖相关的并发症,正如高体重指数(BMI)的代谢健康肥胖(MHO)个体所观察到的那样。

背景:肥胖流行病及其相关的心脏代谢并发症是全世界公认的公共健康危机。然而,肥胖并不一定等同于肥胖相关的并发症,正如高体重指数(BMI)的代谢健康肥胖(MHO)个体所观察到的那样。事实上,在MHO患者中(成人肥胖症患病率估计为7-13%),在没有任何代谢综合征成分和存在低HOMA-IR的情况下,存在高BMI。此外,更高的心血管健康与更高的体力活动量相关,即使在根据BMI进行调整后也提供了多种好处,包括更低的死亡率、糖尿病前期或糖尿病的发病率。比较MHO和代谢不健康肥胖(MUO)组之间的差异的研究侧重于确定不同的死亡率和发病率风险,以及MHO状态随时间的稳定性。有趣的是,30-50%的MHO在4-20年内转变为MUO。

     运动仍然是对代谢功能障碍的一种高效的生活方式干预,可以降低20多种慢性病的风险(13-15岁)。在一段中等强度的训练中,运动训练改善了氨基酸和脂肪酸的分布--适应情况类似于MHO组和MUO组(16-18岁)之间的代谢差异。此外,运动在急性和慢性环境中都有抗炎作用,有助于改善接受运动训练的MUO组的胰岛素敏感性和其他心脏代谢因素。虽然在没有生活方式干预的情况下,MHO和MUO之间的差异是明显的,但训练可能会防止过渡到MUO,这是合理的。运动对胰岛素敏感性的调节作用使得研究健身和体重指数对代谢产物的不同影响成为一个重要的背景。然而,运动对新陈代谢的影响在很大程度上局限于检查正常体重训练(NWT)跑步者或从静坐状态训练的超重/肥胖受试者,而超重/肥胖训练(OWT)跑步者的群体仍未得到充分研究。这一群体是一个相关的人群,因为他们体现了高健康但肥胖的状态,他们的研究可能揭示出对运动的新的生理适应。此外,在正常体重范围内的人群中进行了大量研究,询问了急性有氧运动对代谢的反应。然而,几乎所有关于超重人群的代谢特征研究都集中在久坐状态,也就是长期运动干预和减肥的影响上。

方法:在一项横断面研究中,超重训练(OWT)和正常体重训练(NWT)跑步者在60%最大摄氧量(NWT=14,OWT=11)的监督下进行90分钟跑步机跑步之前和之后立即采集血清样本。我们应用基于液相色谱-高分辨质谱的非靶向代谢组学平台来评价急性有氧运动对血清代谢组的影响。

结果:运动后NWT和OWT代谢谱共同增加了循环中的酰肉碱和游离脂肪酸(FFAs),而腺嘌呤代谢的中间产物肌苷和次黄嘌呤与体脂百分比和最大摄氧量密切相关。非靶向代谢组学指导的随访定量脂质体分析显示,OWT组的羟基脂肪酸脂肪酸酯(FAHFAs)基线水平普遍降低。FAHFAs与内脏脂肪量、HOMA-IR呈负相关。值得注意的是,在西北部的急性有氧运动中,FAHFAs下降了4倍,这一效应与循环IL-6呈负相关,而在OWT组中没有观察到这两种影响。基于运动前代谢物概况(包括FAHFAs、FFAs和腺嘌呤中间体)的机器学习模型预测最大摄氧量(VO2max)。

图1 研究设计和非靶向代谢组学分析流水线。最大耗氧量(VO2max)与(A)体重指数(BMI)和(B)体脂百分比的散点图。相关强度用皮尔逊相关系数(R)表示。N=25。(C)研究设计示意图和样本收集时间点。(D)数据采集分析管道示意图。*:P<0.001,*:P<0.0001。缩写:NWT:正常体重训练跑步者;OWT:超重/肥胖训练组;I.S.:内标;Phe:苯丙氨酸;Val:缬氨酸;βoHb:β-羟丁酸;RP:反相色谱;esi:电喷雾电离;(+):阳性模式;(-):阴性模式;

图2。非靶向代谢组学差异分析总结。四组比较:(A)NWT的运动效应;(B)OWT的运动效应;(C)基线血清条件下的BMI效应;(D)运动后即刻的BMI效应。蓝色箭头:运动后丰度/OWT减少;红色箭头:运动后/OWT增加。维恩图表示NWT与OWT和Pre与Post分析中重叠的m/z和保留时间对。PCA轴上的百分比表示由前两个主成分(Dim1、Dim2)捕获的解释方差的分数。PCA内的点代表单个样本。球体表示群簇的正态分布,在R(FactoMineR和FactoExtra包)中进行无监督PCA分析后添加。(E)运动前代谢谱(E)和(F)运动后代谢谱(F)的个体NWT[Dim1,Dim2]和OWT[Dim1,Dim2]到组内质心的欧几里得距离与所有个体到所有点中心(记为H0,作为零假设)的距离的比较。(G)运动前、运动后OWT个体(Dim1、Dim2)距NWT簇中心的欧几里得距离。*:P≤0.001;**:P≤0.01;*:P≤0.001;*:P≤0.0001,经t检验。数据代表均值±扫描电镜。

图3:OWT中运动诱导的代谢特征与循环细胞因子相关。(A)OWT组循环单核细胞趋化蛋白-1和肿瘤坏死因子α浓度与西北组相比呈倍数变化,无括号的显著性符号显示为西北地区比较所致,有括号的符号表示运动效果。(B)循环细胞因子浓度与运动前相比成倍变化,显著性符号显示运动前后比较。来自运动相关(C)NWT和(D)OWT图谱的152种假定代谢物与IL-6、MCP-1、IL-10的Pearson相关系数。假定的代谢物按m/z排序。*:P≤0.05;元:P≤0.01,经t检验。N=6个/组。数据代表均值±扫描电镜。

结论:在超重的人类参与者和健康对照组中的这些发现表明,运动引起的FAHFA的变化将正常体重与超重的人区分开来,并可以预测最大摄氧量。这些结果支持FAHFAs可以调节炎症反应、燃料利用和胰岛素抵抗的观点。

原文出处: Nelson AB,  Chow LS,  Stagg DB,et al.Acute aerobic exercise reveals FAHFAs distinguish the metabolomes of overweight and normal weight runners.JCI Insight 2022 Feb 22

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    2023-01-14 nakerunner
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    2022-03-07 yahu
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    2022-03-05 明天jing

    有氧运动与无氧运动应该一直有争议,二者对健康的作用有差别,但是也应该有度(时间)的关系,过度运动可能并不合适,尤其是无氧运动。

    0

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