厄贝沙坦 VS 厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪,高血压患者该如何选?

2022-08-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创 发表于上海

一文读懂~

据数据显示,现阶段我国高血压患病人数已达到3.5亿。尽管高血压治疗手段有了显著改善,但我国高血压的控制率仍处于较低水平。在高血压治疗中,除了改善生活方式之外,药物治疗扮演着重要角色。

对于高血压患者来说,选择什么降压药,如何科学服用也是治疗的关键。厄贝沙坦和厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪是临床常用的降压药物,光看名字,误以为这两种药物相似,可互相替代。事实上,它们在成分和适应证上有很大区别。今天我们来看看两者有什么区别?到底选择哪一种?如何正确使用?

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪与厄贝沙坦有何不同?

厄贝沙坦是选择性血管紧张素受体拮抗剂,可阻断血管紧张素的作用,抑制血管收缩和醛固酮的释放,从而达到降压效果。

而厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪是临床常见的一种复方降压药,厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪是在单药厄贝沙坦的基础上,增加了利尿剂类降压成分—-氢氯噻嗪。氢氯噻嗪本身也具有降压作用,单独或与其他降压药联合应用,可治疗原发性高血压。

然而,长期或大剂量使用氢氯噻嗪,患者可能出现低钾、低氯、低钠等离子紊乱,还可引起血糖及尿酸水平升高。将厄贝沙坦与氢氯噻嗪联用,是由于复合制剂中的氢氯噻嗪会引起交感神经系统和肾素-血管紧张素系统激活,有削弱降压的可能,而厄贝沙坦可以抵消这一作用,两者联用不仅能发挥协同降压作用,而且可逆转与利尿剂有关的钾的丢失。

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪和厄贝沙坦如何选?

厄贝沙坦:厄贝沙坦降压幅度较大,单药控制血压的达标率较高,吸收度高,药效持续时间长。我国食药监局批准厄贝沙坦适用于原发性高血压及合并高血压的2糖尿病肾病患者,也是不耐受普利类药物及硝苯地平不良反应者的替代药物。

厄贝沙坦常用剂量:150~300mg

1,厄贝沙坦通常建议的初始剂量和维持剂量为每日150mg,饮食对服药无影响。

2,对某些特殊患者,特别是进行血液透析和年龄超过75岁的病人,初始剂量可考虑用75mg

3,使用厄贝沙坦150mg每天一次不能有效控制血压的患者,可将剂量增至300mg,或者增加其它抗高血压药物。

4,在患有2型糖尿病的高血压患者中,治疗初始剂量应为150mg每日一次,并增量至300mg每日一次,作为治疗肾病较好的维持剂量。

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪:厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪复方制剂的优点是服用方便,易于长期坚持,提高血压控制达标率。《单片复方制剂降压治疗中国专家共识》指出,厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪单片复方制剂主要用于治疗原发性高血压,以及用于治疗单方厄贝沙坦或氢氯噻嗪不能有效控制血压的患者。

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪有两种规格:150mg/12.5mg300mg/12.5mg

1150mg/12.5mg规格:每日一次,每次1~2片。该剂量的单片复方制剂可以用于单独使用氢氯噻嗪或厄贝沙坦150mg不能有效控制血压的患者。

2300mg/12.5mg规格:每日一次,每次1片。该剂量的单片复方制剂可以用于单独使用厄贝沙坦300mg或使用150mg/12.5mg复方不能有效控制血压的患者。

值得注意的是,不推荐使用每日一次剂量大于厄贝沙坦300mg/氢氯噻嗪25mg。必要时,可以合用其它降血压药物。

厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪也有一定的禁忌症:

妊娠:由于噻嗪类利尿剂能通过胎盘屏障和出现于脐带血液中,引起胎盘灌注降低,胎儿电解质紊乱和其它可能发生于成年人的作用。因此,在妊娠开始三个月时不推荐使用。在计划怀孕时应转为合适的替代治疗。

怀孕的第4至第9个月:厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪单片复方制剂直接作用于肾素一血管紧张系统,能引起胎儿和新生儿的肾功能衰竭,胎儿头颅发育不良和胎儿死亡,因此,厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪单片复方制剂应禁用于怀孕4月至9月的孕妇。

若被诊断为怀孕,尽早停用本品,如果由于疏忽治疗了较长时间,应超声检查头颅和肾功能。

有与氢氯噻嗪有关的禁忌症者,需要禁用,包括严重的肾功能损害(肌酐清除率<30ml/min)、顽固性低钾血症,高钙血症、严重肝功能损害,胆汁性肝硬化和胆汁郁积。

最后提醒大家,因个体差异,高血压用药应当在医生指导下用药,切勿擅自停药减药。

参考资料

1,厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪说明书

2,孙顺礼厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪片治疗高血压的临床价值[J]. 2021.

3,高血压患者药物治疗管理路径编写委员会.高血压患者药物治疗管理路径专家共识.临床药物治疗杂志.2022.

 

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    2022-12-26 fangcong
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    2023-03-09 showtest 来自上海

    目前#沙坦类药物#包括#缬沙坦##氯沙坦##厄贝沙坦##替米沙坦##坎地沙坦##奥美沙坦##阿利沙坦#,这7种沙坦类药物均可安全有效的降压。#厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪#作用更强

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1643243, encodeId=3fb0164324378, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=97b840365d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噻嗪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40365, encryptionId=97b840365d7, topicName=噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0e9523156615, createdName=fangcong, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 14:11:47 CST 2022, time=2022-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2118428, encodeId=261a211842825, content=目前<a href='/topic/show?id=5713105513f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#沙坦类药物#</a>包括<a href='/topic/show?id=9334e9305c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#缬沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=44d4641040e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氯沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=f9bb3691817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#厄贝沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=f34e60352cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#替米沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=b3d541426c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坎地沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=5a92445e167' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#奥美沙坦#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=a91b9e72587' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿利沙坦#</a>,这7种沙坦类药物均可安全有效的降压。<a href='/topic/show?id=2306105514c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪#</a>作用更强, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105513, encryptionId=5713105513f3, topicName=沙坦类药物), TopicDto(id=79305, encryptionId=9334e9305c7, topicName=缬沙坦), TopicDto(id=64104, encryptionId=44d4641040e, topicName=氯沙坦), TopicDto(id=36918, encryptionId=f9bb3691817, topicName=厄贝沙坦), TopicDto(id=60352, encryptionId=f34e60352cb, topicName=替米沙坦), TopicDto(id=41426, encryptionId=b3d541426c4, topicName=坎地沙坦), TopicDto(id=44571, encryptionId=5a92445e167, topicName=奥美沙坦), TopicDto(id=97725, encryptionId=a91b9e72587, topicName=阿利沙坦), TopicDto(id=105514, encryptionId=2306105514c1, topicName=厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 04:42:18 CST 2023, time=2023-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360557, encodeId=13bb136055e06, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=008b6396165' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氢氯噻嗪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63961, encryptionId=008b6396165, topicName=氢氯噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 05:11:47 CST 2022, time=2022-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1448371, encodeId=8c2d14483e181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a9c102681f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高血压患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102681, encryptionId=5a9c102681f2, topicName=高血压患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b4665409655, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 05:11:47 CST 2022, time=2022-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1237831, encodeId=e976123e8319a, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 14:27:57 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1643243, encodeId=3fb0164324378, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=97b840365d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噻嗪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40365, encryptionId=97b840365d7, topicName=噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0e9523156615, createdName=fangcong, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 14:11:47 CST 2022, time=2022-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2118428, encodeId=261a211842825, content=目前<a href='/topic/show?id=5713105513f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#沙坦类药物#</a>包括<a href='/topic/show?id=9334e9305c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#缬沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=44d4641040e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氯沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=f9bb3691817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#厄贝沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=f34e60352cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#替米沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=b3d541426c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坎地沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=5a92445e167' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#奥美沙坦#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=a91b9e72587' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿利沙坦#</a>,这7种沙坦类药物均可安全有效的降压。<a href='/topic/show?id=2306105514c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪#</a>作用更强, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105513, encryptionId=5713105513f3, topicName=沙坦类药物), TopicDto(id=79305, encryptionId=9334e9305c7, topicName=缬沙坦), TopicDto(id=64104, encryptionId=44d4641040e, topicName=氯沙坦), TopicDto(id=36918, encryptionId=f9bb3691817, topicName=厄贝沙坦), TopicDto(id=60352, encryptionId=f34e60352cb, topicName=替米沙坦), TopicDto(id=41426, encryptionId=b3d541426c4, topicName=坎地沙坦), TopicDto(id=44571, encryptionId=5a92445e167, topicName=奥美沙坦), TopicDto(id=97725, encryptionId=a91b9e72587, topicName=阿利沙坦), TopicDto(id=105514, encryptionId=2306105514c1, topicName=厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 04:42:18 CST 2023, time=2023-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360557, encodeId=13bb136055e06, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=008b6396165' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氢氯噻嗪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63961, encryptionId=008b6396165, topicName=氢氯噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 05:11:47 CST 2022, time=2022-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1448371, encodeId=8c2d14483e181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a9c102681f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高血压患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102681, encryptionId=5a9c102681f2, topicName=高血压患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b4665409655, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 05:11:47 CST 2022, time=2022-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1237831, encodeId=e976123e8319a, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 14:27:57 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1643243, encodeId=3fb0164324378, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=97b840365d7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噻嗪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40365, encryptionId=97b840365d7, topicName=噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0e9523156615, createdName=fangcong, createdTime=Mon Dec 26 14:11:47 CST 2022, time=2022-12-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2118428, encodeId=261a211842825, content=目前<a href='/topic/show?id=5713105513f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#沙坦类药物#</a>包括<a href='/topic/show?id=9334e9305c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#缬沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=44d4641040e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氯沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=f9bb3691817' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#厄贝沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=f34e60352cb' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#替米沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=b3d541426c4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#坎地沙坦#</a>、<a href='/topic/show?id=5a92445e167' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#奥美沙坦#</a>和<a href='/topic/show?id=a91b9e72587' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#阿利沙坦#</a>,这7种沙坦类药物均可安全有效的降压。<a href='/topic/show?id=2306105514c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪#</a>作用更强, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=105513, encryptionId=5713105513f3, topicName=沙坦类药物), TopicDto(id=79305, encryptionId=9334e9305c7, topicName=缬沙坦), TopicDto(id=64104, encryptionId=44d4641040e, topicName=氯沙坦), TopicDto(id=36918, encryptionId=f9bb3691817, topicName=厄贝沙坦), TopicDto(id=60352, encryptionId=f34e60352cb, topicName=替米沙坦), TopicDto(id=41426, encryptionId=b3d541426c4, topicName=坎地沙坦), TopicDto(id=44571, encryptionId=5a92445e167, topicName=奥美沙坦), TopicDto(id=97725, encryptionId=a91b9e72587, topicName=阿利沙坦), TopicDto(id=105514, encryptionId=2306105514c1, topicName=厄贝沙坦氢氯噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Thu Mar 09 04:42:18 CST 2023, time=2023-03-09, status=1, ipAttribution=上海), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360557, encodeId=13bb136055e06, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=008b6396165' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#氢氯噻嗪#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63961, encryptionId=008b6396165, topicName=氢氯噻嗪)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 05:11:47 CST 2022, time=2022-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1448371, encodeId=8c2d14483e181, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5a9c102681f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#高血压患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=102681, encryptionId=5a9c102681f2, topicName=高血压患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b4665409655, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Fri Aug 12 05:11:47 CST 2022, time=2022-08-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1237831, encodeId=e976123e8319a, content=不错,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210606/e8b96fdba070433da10cd357c0646807/28bf16f46e314caaad8396c0c7df7a04.jpg, createdBy=adb15496357, createdName=仁术2021, createdTime=Wed Aug 10 14:27:57 CST 2022, time=2022-08-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-08-10 仁术2021

    不错,学习了。

    0

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