JAMA子刊:60%以上的癌症死因归于职业性致癌物暴露,尤其是石棉和二氧化硅

2021-02-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

职业病是因接触粉尘、放射性物质和其他有毒、有害因素而引起的疾病,在全球范围内引起越来越多的关注。据数据显示,2016年约有348741例癌症死亡与职业性暴露相关,包括8种癌症:喉癌、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌、肺

职业病是因接触粉尘、放射性物质和其他有毒、有害因素而引起的疾病,在全球范围内引起越来越多的关注。据数据显示,2016年约有348741例癌症死亡与职业性暴露相关,包括8种癌症:喉癌、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌、肺癌、卵巢癌、间皮瘤和白血病。据估计,80%以上的癌症与环境因素有关,包括外部(化学、物理和生物)和内部(遗传、免疫和内分泌)因素,在这些因素中,高危职业环境在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着重要作用。

近日,发表在JAMA Netw Open杂志发表的一项研究显示,根据2017年全球发展报告,本研究涉及的13种OCs与7种癌症有关。与之前的研究一致,肺癌是受OCs影响的最常见的癌症类型,而石棉是造成死亡和DALYs最多的原因。该研究是迄今为止最全面的研究。

结果显示,职业致癌物(OCs)暴露是造成全球癌症死亡和DALY的原因,并且相对癌症负担在各个地区之间存在很大差异,具体取决于年龄,性别和社会发展。而石棉和二氧化硅的接触是造成死亡和DALY最主要的原因。气管癌,支气管癌和肺癌是大多数致癌物的主要结果。

在这项研究中,研究人员使用了来自GBD 2017的数据来估计接触OCs的程度,分析了来自1990年1月1日至2017年12月31日195个国家和地区的328种疾病的健康损失,报告了13种OCs的全球和区域估计值,并分析了每个OC的癌症负担(以伤残调整生命年计) (DALYs)。

结果显示,在13种OCs中,从1990年到2017年,柴油发动机尾气和三氯乙烯的暴露值都有所增加,而石棉暴露减少了13.8%。2017年,与OCs相关的癌症死亡人数共计31.9万,占癌症总死亡人数的61.0%,而DALYs为642万,占总DALYs的48.3%。在13种有机物中,石棉、二氧化硅和柴油机废气是造成癌症负担的3大主要危险因素。

2017年195个国家和地区所有年龄和性别的职业致癌物-归因于癌症的死亡人数和残疾调整生命年(DALY)

1990年至2017年男女13种职业致癌物的可归因癌症残疾调整生命年(DALYs)数量变化的比较

对于大多数OCs,归因癌症结果是气管癌、支气管癌和肺癌,占归因癌症死亡人数的89.0%。2017年,中国(61 644例癌症死亡)、美国(42 848例)和日本(20 748例)在归因癌症死亡中占比最多;DALYs方面,中国(147万)、美国(71万)和印度(37万)是3个领先国家。

总体来说,职业性致癌物暴露似乎已经导致了严重的全球癌症负担。在2017年GBD研究纳入的13种OCs中,在过去20年,石棉和二氧化硅的暴露是导致的癌症负担中占了很大比例。虽然致癌物的平均暴露水平有所降低,但由于主要反映了过去的暴露危害,OCs归因于癌症的整体负担有所上升。研究结果确定了基于性别、年龄、地点和社会发展的OCs的癌症负担。该研究结果也可为OC暴露于致癌物的防控方案提供指导。

原始出处

Na Li, PhD1,2; Zhen Zhai, MD2; Yi Zheng, PhD1,2; et al.Association of 13 Occupational Carcinogens in Patients With Cancer, Individually and Collectively, 1990-2017.JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(2):e2037530. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37530

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    2021-02-21 jambiya
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    2021-02-21 qjddjq
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    2021-02-20 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了。

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1744723, encodeId=d95f1e447231a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=797023963a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二氧化硅#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23963, encryptionId=797023963a3, topicName=二氧化硅)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=61ab35418786, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sat Jul 31 19:02:51 CST 2021, time=2021-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1371026, encodeId=0f5413e1026b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c39864991e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86499, encryptionId=9c39864991e, topicName=致癌)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2c25323, createdName=jambiya, createdTime=Sun Feb 21 08:02:51 CST 2021, time=2021-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1448838, encodeId=ea571448838ea, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8dde8651197' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致癌物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86511, encryptionId=8dde8651197, topicName=致癌物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b3005440223, createdName=qjddjq, createdTime=Sun Feb 21 08:02:51 CST 2021, time=2021-02-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=925710, encodeId=f2a2925e1009, content=认真学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo6EF3hKja8nER8RMzxQdria9eCYFhgLTLsDOeqnvIYdeLDz5eP6EnicLuE5gibiawgno4zUA0jAR7Nbtp2llQ9fs3Mk/0, createdBy=278f1986883, createdName=医鸣惊人, createdTime=Sat Feb 20 09:18:16 CST 2021, time=2021-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=925679, encodeId=887c9256e93a, content=不同的国家或地区应该差别很大。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210703/9c448fe1b3b54fd7bc9477662f4861bb/4bdadad22bfd46f2921aabb4c40265d3.jpg, createdBy=a8d81938466, createdName=weigq, createdTime=Sat Feb 20 07:17:18 CST 2021, time=2021-02-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=925526, encodeId=8ce192552608, content=职业病是因接触粉尘、放射性物质和其他有毒、有害因素而引起的疾病。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4gCIdSaEkahCNuUWZv4iaKmqvUKHyKnBiarBM9RStQKBeV5Lh6GYYFiamdV5KlSfbLvmAgZTLtq81XA/0, createdBy=13511650672, createdName=言西早, createdTime=Fri Feb 19 20:16:10 CST 2021, time=2021-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036461, encodeId=2db6103646171, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Fri Feb 19 20:02:51 CST 2021, time=2021-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=925514, encodeId=ae219255149d, content=?。。。。。。。。<a href='/topic/show?id=23e3454e353' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#学习#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=45473, encryptionId=23e3454e353, topicName=学习)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=68cc5461233, createdName=ms9000000085849351, createdTime=Fri Feb 19 18:10:20 CST 2021, time=2021-02-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-02-20 weigq

    不同的国家或地区应该差别很大。

    0

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    2021-02-19 言西早

    职业病是因接触粉尘、放射性物质和其他有毒、有害因素而引起的疾病。

    0

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    2021-02-19 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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    2021-02-19 ms9000000085849351

    ?。。。。。。。。#学习#

    0

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