NATURE:中低收入国家的儿童疫苗和抗生素使用情况

2020-04-30 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

疫苗可以减少抗生素耐药性的负担,部分因为其可以预防感染,而感染的治疗通常包括使用抗生素。然而,至今为止,我们对于疫苗接种对抗生素消耗的影响仍然不甚了解--尤其是在中低收入国家(LMICs)。

疫苗可以减少抗生素耐药性的负担,部分因为其可以预防感染,而感染的治疗通常包括使用抗生素。然而,至今为止,我们对于疫苗接种对抗生素消耗的影响仍然不甚了解--尤其是在中低收入国家(LMICs),那里的抗生素耐药性负担最重。

研究人员发现,最近在世界卫生组织的扩大免疫计划中实施的疫苗可大幅降低5岁以下儿童的抗生素消耗。

通过分析大规模家庭研究的数据,研究人员估计,肺炎球菌共轭疫苗和减毒轮状病毒活疫苗分别对抗生素治疗的急性呼吸道感染和腹泻发病提供了19.7%(95%置信区间,3.4-43.4%)和11.4%(4.0-18.6%)的保护。

在目前的覆盖率下,肺炎球菌和轮状病毒疫苗每年分别预防了 2 380 万和 1 360 万名 5 岁以下儿童的抗生素治疗疾病。

通过实现这些疫苗的全民覆盖目标,可以直接提供保护,预防额外的4 000万例抗生素治疗的疾病。这一证据支持将疫苗列为抗生素耐药性全球战略的优先事项。

 

原始出处:

Joseph A. Lewnard et al. Childhood vaccines and antibiotic use in low- and middle-income countries. NATURE, 2020. 

 

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    2020-12-18 liye789132251
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