NEJM:动脉粥样硬化性疾病的抗炎治疗:卡那单抗

2017-08-29 MedSci MedSci原创

之前的实验和临床数据表明,减少炎症且不影响血脂水平可以降低心血管疾病的风险。近日,医学权威杂志NEJM上面发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员旨在探讨动脉粥样硬化血栓形成的炎症假说以及针对白细胞介素-1β单克隆抗体的卡那单抗的疗效研究。

背景:
之前的实验和临床数据表明,减少炎症且不影响血脂水平可以降低心血管疾病的风险。近日,医学权威杂志NEJM上面发表了一篇研究文章,研究人员旨在探讨动脉粥样硬化血栓形成的炎症假说以及针对白细胞介素-1β单克隆抗体的卡那单抗的疗效研究。

方法:
这项关于卡那单抗抗炎治疗的随机双盲试验纳入了之前有心肌梗死和高敏C反应蛋白水平>=2 mg/L的10061名患者。他们被随机分配到三种剂量的卡那单抗(50mg,150mg,300mg)以及安慰剂对照,各组每3个月均进行一次皮下注射。主要研究终点为非致死性心肌梗死、非致死性卒中或心血管死亡。

结果:
与安慰剂组相比,各组的高敏C反应蛋白水平48个月的平均减少情况分别为:26个百分点(50mg剂量组),37个百分点(150mg剂量组),41个百分点(300mg剂量组)。卡那单抗并没有减少血脂水平。3.7年的中位随访时间中,主要终点事件的发病率:4.50/100人年(安慰剂组);4.11/100人年(50mg组);3.86/100人年(150mg组);3.90/100人年(300mg组)。与安慰剂相比,各组的危险比如下:50 mg组,0.93(95%CI:0.80-1.07;P=0.30);150mg组,0.85(95% CI:0.74-0.98;P=0.021);300mg组,0.86(95% CI:0.75-0.99;P=0.031)。只有150mg剂量组符合预先设定的多重调整的阈值(但其他剂量组不符合),对于主要终点和次要终点(包括不稳定型心绞痛的住院治疗引起急性血管再生)具有显着性差异(HR vs.安慰剂,0.83;95% CI:0.73-0.95;P=0.005)。与安慰剂相比,卡那单抗组致命感染的发生率较高。全因死亡率无显着性差异(HR,所有卡那单抗剂量组vs.安慰剂:0.94;95% CI:0.83-1.06;P=0.31)。

结论:
卡那单抗(150mg,每3个月一次)针对白细胞介素-1β先天免疫途径的抗炎治疗使得心血管疾病复发率显著低于安慰剂组,且独立于血脂水平降低。

Paul M Ridker,Brendan M. Everett,Tom Thuren,et al. Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease. NEJM. 2017 August.

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