JAMA Netw Open:超50万人队列研究显示,早产儿在青少年时期接受了更多的精神药物处方治疗

2021-03-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

早产儿童在青少年和青少年时期会增加心理和社会风险。这种风险的增加可能与基因和早产儿的童年环境有关。

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虽然早产儿童患注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和孤独症的风险增加,但他们患抑郁症和焦虑症或精神病性和双相障碍的风险是否增加仍存在不确定性。

与足月出生的人相比,早产儿在青少年和青年时期是否接受了更多的精神药物处方?为了回答这个问题,有研究者进行了相关研究,该研究结果近日发表在JAMA Network Open期刊上。

这项队列研究使用出生登记数据确定了1989年至1998年间所有在母胎妊娠满23周后出生的挪威人。研究人员从2004年到2016年对受试者进行了随访。对10-23岁的早产儿和足月出生的同龄人的精神药物处方进行比较。研究人员将这些人与他们的兄弟姐妹进行比较,以控制共同的家庭混淆因素。从2018年8月到2020年2月进行了数据分析。

研究共纳入505030人,其中762人(0.2%)极重度早产,2907人(0.6%)重度早产,25988人(5.1%)中度或轻度早产,475373人(94.1%)足月。研究结果显示,早产个体服用精神药物处方的风险增加,孕周(GA)和处方之间存在剂量-反应关系。与足月出生的同龄人相比,极早产组所有药物类型的处方率都较高,抗抑郁药的优势比为1.7(95%CI,1.4-2.1),精神兴奋剂的优势比为2.7(95%CI,2.1-3.4)在中晚期早产儿组中,所有类型处方的增加几率都不明显,其中抗抑郁药的几率为1.1(95%CI,1.0-1.1),精神兴奋剂的几率为1.2(95%CI,1.1-1.2)。在兄弟姐妹比较中,几率的增加较小,而在几个组中,几率的增加并不显著。

男性受试者按胎龄至少服用1种处方的百分比

女性受试者按胎龄至少服用1种处方的百分比

这项队列研究发现,与足月出生的同龄人相比,早产儿在青少年和青壮年时期服用精神药物的比例更高,这一指标与这一组的精神健康损害有关。这些药物包括抗抑郁药、精神兴奋剂、抗焦虑药、催眠药和镇静剂以及抗精神病药物。

不同年龄的男性和女性参与者的估计值存在一些差异,年轻男性参与者的药物处方相对几率增加较大,而年龄较大的女性参与者的抗抑郁药物处方在孕龄组间的绝对差异最大。

总之,早产儿童在青少年和青少年时期会增加心理和社会风险。这种风险的增加可能与基因和早产儿的童年环境有关。青春期的心理健康状况与以后一生的发展有关,因此,这一时期可以成为这一群体采取促进健康措施和预防措施的重要目标。

参考文献:Bachmann CS, Risnes K, Bjørngaard JH, Schei J, Pape K. Association of Preterm Birth With Prescription of Psychotropic Drugs in Adolescence and Young Adulthood. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(3):e211420. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.1420

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    2021-10-10 canlab
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    2021-11-23 feather89
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    2021-03-14 ms2000000239662574

    早产导致胎儿大脑发育受到影响。

    0

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    2021-03-14 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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