J Nurs Sch:促进高血压患者健康生活方式和血压控制的网络护理计划

2022-06-22 小文子 MedSci原创

研究评价了网络自我护理计划对原发性高血压患者的心血管危险因素、自我效能和自我护理行为(药物依从性和生活方式)的影响。

高血压是心血管疾病的主要危险因素。成功控制血压需要坚持用药并改变生活方式。然而,促进原发性高血压患者长期改变和维持行为具有挑战性。以自我效能理论为中心的网络自我护理计划可以为有效控制血压提供反馈。Journal of Nursing Scholarship 杂志发表了一项研究,评价了网络自我护理计划对原发性高血压患者的心血管危险因素(脉压和血脂)、自我效能和自我护理行为(药物依从性和生活方式)的影响。

2017年2月至2018年8月期间,在台湾台北一家医疗中心招募了222例原发性高血压患者。将符合条件的患者随机分为干预组(n = 111)和对照组(n = 111)。干预组患者接受为期6个月的基于自我效能理论的网络自我护理计划,而对照组患者接受常规护理。基线和结局指标(3个月和6个月)包括自我效能(SEMC6评价),自我护理,使用生活方式和药物依从性(H-SCALE),以及血压和血脂数据,通过基于网络的自我报告和图表收集。

结果显示,基线时,与干预组相比,对照组的SEMC6评分较高,胆固醇较低(分别为t = -2.70,p < 0.05;和t = 1.76,p < 0.05)。6个月时,脉压显著下降(β = -20.30,95%CI,-23.76,-16.83),血清甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平与对照组相比显著降低(均p < 0.001)。

6个月时,干预组的SEMC6平均得分显著高于对照组(β = 21.84,95% CI,19.25,24.42),H-SCALE子量表的药物依从性、饮食、体重管理和体力活动显著高于对照组(均为p < 0.001)。

结果表明,该项目的最大益处是允许参与者通过网站直接向研究人员咨询自我护理问题。生活方式因人而异,因此,在提供反馈时考虑了每名参与者的个性。研究人员为参与者提供了设计的干预措施,以增加他们对高血压自我护理的信心,并最终实现家庭血压控制。研究人员鼓励将该项目纳入高血压患者的标准临床治疗中。

原文出处:

Ting-Yu Chen, Chi-Wen Kao, et al, A web-based self-care program to promote healthy lifestyles and control blood pressure in patients with primary hypertension: A randomized controlled trial, J Nurs Sch, DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12792.

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