Eur Heart J: 通过手表发现房颤合理吗?研究称:无症状房颤筛查成本获益不明确

2020-04-12 xujing 中国循环杂志

房颤是最常见的心律失常,预计在未来30年内发病率将翻一番。心房颤动与卒中风险增加5倍相关,但抗凝治疗可将此风险降低约65%。房颤筛选是提高房颤检出率,通过早期抗凝降低缺血性卒中发病率的方法。

房颤是最常见的心律失常,预计在未来30年内发病率将翻一番。心房颤动与卒中风险增加5倍相关,但抗凝治疗可将此风险降低约65%。房颤筛选是提高房颤检出率,通过早期抗凝降低缺血性卒中发病率的方法。

去年在ACC年会上公布的“苹果心脏研究”(Apple Heart Study)发现,苹果手表能捕捉到房颤。但目前指南不建议房颤筛查,理由是系统筛查的成本-获益不确定性。

近期,欧洲心脏病学杂志发表的专家文章或许能解答我们对于无症状房颤筛查的诸多疑问。

1.目前有多少人有未确诊的房颤?

最近的估计表明,15%的房颤患者目前未确诊,其中75%的人可能需要抗凝治疗。

单次心电图检查漏诊出无症状房颤,而持续心电图监测或植入心电设备科筛查到50%的无症状房颤。

作者指出,无症状房颤的检出率取决于筛查的人群、设备和监测持续时间。

2.无症状心房颤动患者的中风风险是多少?

作者基于目前的研究数据指出,与窦性心律相比,无症状房颤患者的卒中和死亡率风险增加了,但在普通人群中筛查出无症状性房颤的患者是否会出现相同程度的风险仍有待观察。

目前的证据并不表明筛查出的房颤患者具有相同的心血管风险或抗凝益处。

3.什么样的房颤与显着的卒中风险相关?

大约25%的房颤患者有阵发性房颤,而不是持续性房颤。

房颤负荷指的是患者发生房颤的时间比例。作者指出,虽然风险预测工具(如CHA2DS2VASc)中没有包括房颤负荷,但房颤负荷似乎是预测中风风险的一个重要因素。

一项系统回顾发现,与阵发性房颤相比,持续性和永久性房颤与更大的血栓栓塞风险和全因死亡率相关。

在ASSERT研究中,无症状房颤持续时间超过24小时的患者与无房颤的患者相比,中风或血栓栓塞的风险显着增加(HR=3.24),但24小时以下无症状房颤的患者没有发现风险增加。

目前,房颤的诊断是基于对典型心律失常至少30s的检测。房颤负荷的风险分层不能应用于使用心电图诊断的患者。

卒中风险评分如CHA2DS2VASc,还没有被证实用于长时房颤诊断以帮助确定抗凝是否会有净效益。

如果将现有的指南应用于通过扩大筛查检测到的房颤,房颤负荷很低就会过度抗凝治疗,进而导致抗凝的出血风险大于降低中风风险。

另有研究表明,CHA2DS2VASc评分高的患者无论是否有房颤都有较高的卒中风险,并且一些窦性心律患者可能从抗凝中获益。

因此,作者认为,可能需要制定新的卒中风险分层评分,通过扩大筛查,确定房颤患者的房颤负担和心血管风险因素。

4.心房颤动与无症状血管性脑损伤和痴呆风险

临床上无症状的血管病变在房颤患者中似乎很常见,并且与房颤是阵发性的还是持续性无关。

因此,考虑到人口老龄化和全球痴呆症发病率的不断上升,作者认为,制定新的策略预防房颤患者的认知能力下降非常重要。

但是,无症状梗死和由此引起的血管病变是否解释了房颤和痴呆之间的联系尚不清楚。多种途径可能将二者联系起来,许多现有的证据来自于相对较小的横截面研究。

5.高危人群的定向筛查是否有效?

对高危人群进行有针对性的筛查可能,可能会大大减少筛选人数。在目前针对高危患者的研究中,大约三分之一的患者发现了短暂的房颤,在这些研究中,植入的心脏设备或监护仪被用于高危人群的长期筛查。

6.什么是最好的筛选方法?

近年来,一系列新技术出现,旨在提高房颤检测的准确性和速度,包括自动检测脉搏节律的血压监护仪、ECG监护仪以及无处不在的智能手机、手表。这些智能医疗设备的出现的普及或为房颤的筛查带来契机。

作者指出,这些设备做到了长时或更频繁的筛查,促使房颤检测率的增加,但尚未对这些设备进行对比试验。因此,它们的相对优点、准确性和在诊断中的作用尚不确定,需要进一步评估。

7.房颤筛查对患者有什么危害?

最近对房颤筛查的系统回顾发现,没有研究将筛查的危害与未筛查的危害进行了比较。

不可否认,筛查也存在一些潜在的危害。人群水平的筛查可能导致大量的假阳性结果,进而导致不必要的检查和过度抗凝。

8.筛查是降低房颤卒中风险的最经济、有效的方法吗?

目前的研究不能确定筛查是否能改善与中风相关的发病率和死亡率或全因死亡率。

目前的房颤患者管理仍不理想。考虑到已知的益处,在治疗有症状性房颤的高危患者方面可以加大力度。

即使未来的研究证明房颤筛查在降低卒中率方面是有效的,也需要建立与其他改善抗凝处方的措施的成本效益比较。

9.未来研究动向是什么?

随着房颤筛查技术的不断革新,未来的研究需要来回答一些关键问题,比如房颤负荷有多大,基于此确定中风风险的最佳风险分层工具。

有关成本-效益、卒中和死亡率的大规模随机试验有助于填补这些证据缺口,并确定在房颤治疗中如何有效利用医疗资源。

原始出处:Nicholas R Jones, Clare J Taylor, F D Richard Hobbs, et al. Screening for atrial fibrillation: a call for evidence. Eur Heart J. 2020,41(10): 1075–1085.

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    2020-04-13 zhaojie88
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    2020-04-13 slcumt
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1357478, encodeId=ac83135e47896, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Apr 13 16:39:16 CST 2020, time=2020-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1485103, encodeId=d23f14851033e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bbe5902ed2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无症状#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59027, encryptionId=4bbe5902ed2, topicName=无症状)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=Bioon/avatar/20180429/70baad2aa5a046c5aa2914d262de7d37.jpg, createdBy=bd077990475, createdName=12498da4m34(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Apr 13 16:39:16 CST 2020, time=2020-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1563287, encodeId=5bd5156328ecb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=80d715270048, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Mon Apr 13 16:39:16 CST 2020, time=2020-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1593646, encodeId=0a08159364650, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0585542e5f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#房颤筛查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54275, encryptionId=0585542e5f3, topicName=房颤筛查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3ec518152182, createdName=medscijoin, createdTime=Mon Apr 13 16:39:16 CST 2020, time=2020-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=381635, encodeId=dbd4381635d8, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 22:25:02 CST 2020, time=2020-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1031256, encodeId=4139103125648, content=房颤,临床上碰到很多哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=心介, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 04:39:16 CST 2020, time=2020-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1357478, encodeId=ac83135e47896, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Apr 13 16:39:16 CST 2020, time=2020-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1485103, encodeId=d23f14851033e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4bbe5902ed2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#无症状#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59027, encryptionId=4bbe5902ed2, topicName=无症状)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=Bioon/avatar/20180429/70baad2aa5a046c5aa2914d262de7d37.jpg, createdBy=bd077990475, createdName=12498da4m34(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Apr 13 16:39:16 CST 2020, time=2020-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1563287, encodeId=5bd5156328ecb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=80d715270048, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Mon Apr 13 16:39:16 CST 2020, time=2020-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1593646, encodeId=0a08159364650, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0585542e5f3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#房颤筛查#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54275, encryptionId=0585542e5f3, topicName=房颤筛查)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3ec518152182, createdName=medscijoin, createdTime=Mon Apr 13 16:39:16 CST 2020, time=2020-04-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=381635, encodeId=dbd4381635d8, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 22:25:02 CST 2020, time=2020-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1031256, encodeId=4139103125648, content=房颤,临床上碰到很多哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=心介, createdTime=Sun Apr 12 04:39:16 CST 2020, time=2020-04-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-04-12 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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    2020-04-12 心介

    房颤,临床上碰到很多哦

    0

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