Science:音乐疗法并非空穴来风?中国科学家揭示声音减轻疼痛的原理!

2022-07-10 转化医学网 网络

揭示了小鼠身上调节声音减轻疼痛的回路,增加了关键知识,最终可能为疼痛治疗的新方法提供信息。

导读:

在有历史记载的远古时代,音乐就被中国人应用于医学治疗。至今,已有许多研究表明了自然的声音和音乐有减轻疼痛、改善情绪和健康状况的作用。最近,中国科学家们已确定了声音调节疼痛的神经机制,并发现了最佳镇痛效果的信噪比。

古往今来,有许多将音乐用于医学治疗的案例。据《吕氏春秋·古乐》所载:"昔陶唐氏之始,阴多滞伏而湛积、水道壅塞不行其原,民气郁阏而滞著,筋骨瑟缩不达,故作舞以宣导之。" 这可以说是最早的以音乐治病的记载。

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而追溯至1960年,《Science》曾发表过一项研究,音乐和其他种类的声音可以帮助减轻急性和慢性疼痛,包括牙科和内科手术、分娩和癌症引起的疼痛。2021年发表在美国国家科学院院刊的论文也表明了自然的声音和音乐有减轻疼痛、改善情绪和健康状况的作用。

然而,声音能够调节疼痛,其背后的大脑机制是什么呢?先前的研究并未解释这一点。最近,由中国科学技术大学、安徽医科大学以及美国国家牙科和颌面研究中心(NIDCR)的研究人员领导的一支研究团队,在小鼠动物模型上进行了实验,确定了声音调节疼痛的神经机制,并发现声音的镇痛效果取决于小鼠相对于环境噪声的信噪比。研究论文于7月7日发表在《Science》上。

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https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abn4663

不同声音测试小鼠的疼痛敏感性

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NIDCR的研究员Yuanyuan (Kevin) Liu博士表示:“人类大脑成像研究表明,音乐引起的镇痛作用与大脑的某些区域有关,但也仅能表现它们之间有联系。而在动物身上,我们可以更充分地探索和操纵神经电路,来识别相关的神经基质。”

研究人员设计了一项实验。他们将爪子发炎的小鼠暴露在三种类型的声音中,采用行为学等方法测试小鼠的疼痛敏感性变化:首先是一段和谐愉快的古典音乐;其次将古典音乐重新排列组合成一段不和谐的片段;第三段是白噪音。

出乎意料的是,这三段音乐都改善了小鼠的疼痛状况。Liu说:“与我们以往认知不同的是,无论是什么类型的声音,或是它有无愉悦感,只要是特定强度——比背景噪音高5分贝的声音,都具有减缓疼痛的效果。

而超出背景音5分贝的声音,对疼痛的抑制效果则微乎其微。当研究人员将音乐调高到比背景音乐高10分贝、15分贝、20分贝时,未发现小鼠有疼痛感减缓的表现。

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低强度的声音相对于环境噪声增加了CFA小鼠的伤害感知阈值 。

声音通过皮质丘脑回路诱导疼痛

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为了探索这种效应背后的脑回路,研究人员使用非传染性病毒和荧光蛋白实时监测了小鼠在自由并且清醒的状态下不同脑区的神经细胞活动。他们从中发现了一条从接收和处理声音信息的听觉皮层丘脑的路线。其中,丘脑是接受身体感觉信号(包括疼痛)的中转站。实验发现,在自由移动的小鼠中,低强度的白噪声降低了丘脑通路接收端神经元的活动,即降低了疼痛敏感程度。

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光抑制ACxGlu→PO通路可诱导雌性CFA小鼠镇痛。

而后,实验人员设计新的技术来模拟声音抑制丘脑通路。他们采用基于光和小分子的技术,在没有声音的情况下抑制通路,达到了和用低强度噪声钝化疼痛感相同的效果。而人为地激活通路时,小鼠对疼痛的敏感性恢复了。

研究意义与展望

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NIDCR主任Rena D'Souza博士说:“要创建有效的方法来管理急性和慢性需要我们增强对调节疼痛的这一基本神经过程的理解。我们的研究揭示了小鼠身上调节声音减轻疼痛的回路,增加了关键知识,最终可能为疼痛治疗的新方法提供信息。”

目前研究人员们还不清楚人类是否和小鼠一样有类似的大脑机制。而且相对于小鼠来说,我们或许对声音的其他方面有更多的感知。我们能感受到的和声或愉悦感,可能也对缓解疼痛有重要作用。Liu说:“我们不知道人类的音乐对啮齿动物是否有意义,但音乐对人类有很多不同的意义,它包含了许多情感成分。

这些结果给科学家们提供了一个研究的起点,之后他们将进一步确定在动物身上的发现是否会适用于人类,并最终为开发治疗疼痛的阿片类药物的更安全的替代品提供信息。

参考资料:

https://medicalxpress.com/news/2022-07-pain-mice.html

注:本文旨在介绍医学研究进展,不能作为治疗方案参考。如需获得健康指导,请至正规医院就诊。

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    2022-09-02 小小医者

    #音乐疗法#减轻#疼痛

    0

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    2022-07-11 jichang
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    2022-07-11 weiz
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