Nature:人死可以复生吗?最新研究让死后的眼睛恢复感光和神经交流

2022-05-16 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

中枢神经系统(CNS)在循环停止后会迅速失去活力,这阻碍了它们的移植潜力,而导致中枢神经系统的神经元死亡的时间过程、死亡机制以及复活的可能性,仍然不明确。

死亡,被定义为循环、呼吸或大脑活动不可逆转的停止。而2019年4月,耶鲁大学的一篇发表在 Nature 的研究论文却模糊了这一定义,也颠覆了死亡过程不可逆的观点。研究人员使用体外人工灌注系统 Brain Ex ,让死亡4小时之后的猪的大脑恢复了代谢功能,并减弱了脑细胞死亡,还能激发单个神经元活动,但没有检测到大脑整体的神经元活动。

中枢神经系统(CNS)在循环停止后会迅速失去活力,这阻碍了它们的移植潜力,而导致中枢神经系统的神经元死亡的时间过程、死亡机制以及复活的可能性,仍然不明确。

在中枢神经系统(CNS)中,数百亿个神经元以电信号的形式传递感觉信息。而在眼睛中,通过称为光感受器的特殊神经元来感知光线。相比之下,眼睛视网膜要比中枢神经系统简单得多,因此可以作为研究中枢神经系统的模型,来研究死亡和神经元复活的可能性。

2022年5月11日,美国犹他大学的研究人员在 Nature 期刊发表了题为:Revival of light signalling in the postmortem mouse and human retina 的研究论文。

该研究使用视网膜作为中枢神经系统的模型来研究神经元是如何死亡的,并在器官捐献者捐献的眼睛中恢复了感光神经元细胞,并恢复了它们之间的交流。

黄斑在视网膜中负责视力的中心区域,让我们能够看清细节和颜色。研究团队在器官捐献者死亡后长达5小时时获取的眼睛中,成功唤醒了视网膜黄斑中的感光细胞,让它们对强光、彩色光,甚至是非常暗淡的闪光都有反应。

虽然成功恢复了这些感光细胞,但它们似乎已经失去了与视网膜中其他细胞交流的能力。研究团队认为,缺氧是导致这种信息交流能力丧失的关键因素。

为了克服这一挑战,研究团队在器官捐献者死亡后20分钟内获得了他们捐献的眼睛,通过特殊设计的运输装置来恢复眼睛的氧合和其他营养供应

研究团队还开发了一款设备来刺激视网膜并检测其细胞的电活动,通过这种方法,研究团队能够在恢复在活人眼睛中才能观测到特定电信号——b波,研究团队表示,这是首次在死后的人眼视网膜中心区记录到 b 波。

该研究的通讯作者 Frans Vinberg 教授表示,在这项研究中,还观察到了这些器官捐献者眼睛的视网膜细胞之间的交流,就像活人眼睛中调节视觉的方式一样。他还表示,过去虽然有研究恢复器官捐献者眼睛的有限的电活动,但从未在黄斑中实现过,也从未达到这项研究中的恢复程度。

小鼠经常被用于视觉研究,然而,小鼠的眼睛并没有黄斑,这导致产生的试验结果并不一定适用于人类。而非人灵长类动物的研究成本非常高。这项恢复器官捐献者眼睛功能的最新研究,能够以前所未有的方式研究人类视觉,还可以进行新疗法的测试,从而加速治疗方法和药物的研发。Frans Vinberg 教授表示,希望通过这项研究展示的令人兴奋的前景,鼓励器官捐赠者协会、器官捐赠者和眼库所做的贡献。

该研究的共同通讯作者 Anne Hanneken 医生表示,直到现在,还不能让视网膜黄斑的所有不同层的细胞像在活人视网膜中那样相互交流,但在未来,相信可以使用上述方法开发出新的治疗方法,开发出新的治疗方法,以改善年龄相关的黄斑变性等视网膜疾病并恢复患者的视力。

通讯作者Frans Vinberg(左),第一作者Fatima Abbas(右)

该研究展示恢复死亡后的视网膜感光细胞及其神经元交流的研究,还可以扩展到中枢神经系统中的其他神经元组织,作为一项变革性技术进步,可以帮助科学家们更好地了解神经退行性疾病,并以此开发相应的治疗方法。

原始出处:

Vrselja, Z., Daniele, S.G., Silbereis, J. et al. Restoration of brain circulation and cellular functions hours post-mortem. Nature 568, 336–343 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1099-1.

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    2023-02-23 贵阳
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    2022-09-11 liye789132251
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    2022-05-17 ms1000002042811200

    加油

    0

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    2022-05-16 ms6000000816535237

    相信科技会让人生命质量有改善

    0

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    2022-05-16 西瓜0628

    学习了#学习#

    0

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