Nature:重磅!限制热量饮食可以抑制肿瘤生长

2021-10-21 医诺维 医诺维

2021年10月20日,美国麻省理工学院的研究人员在国际顶级期刊" Nature "杂志上发表了一篇题为" Low glycaemic diets alter lipid metabolism to

近几年来,禁食成了科学界的新宠,禁食已被证明可以减肥和延长动物寿命,事实上,越来越多的研究表明,禁食有许多健康益处,改善代谢健康,预防或延缓年龄增长带来的疾病,甚至可以减缓肿瘤的生长。

2021年10月20日,美国麻省理工学院的研究人员在国际顶级期刊" Nature "杂志上发表了一篇题为" Low glycaemic diets alter lipid metabolism to influence tumour growth "的研究论文。

该研究显示,限制热量饮食减少癌细胞脂肪酸的可用性,可以限制肿瘤生长。

一直以来,人们认为癌细胞消耗大量葡萄糖,因此研究人员假设生酮饮食或热量限制可能通过减少可用的葡萄糖量来减缓肿瘤生长。

在该研究中,研究人员在胰腺肿瘤小鼠模型中比较了三种饮食方式对肿瘤的影响,正常饮食、生酮饮食和热量限制饮食。

研究发现,与正常饮食相比,在生酮饮食和热量限制饮食小鼠中,可用的葡萄糖量水平都下降了。不同的是,热量限制饮食的小鼠脂质水平也下降了,但在生酮饮食的小鼠中脂质水平升高了。

因此,研究人员怀疑葡萄糖水平在减缓中没有发挥主要作用。

研究人员表示,脂质缺乏会影响肿瘤的生长,因为癌细胞需要脂质来构建细胞膜。正常情况下,当组织中没有脂质时,细胞可以自己制造。但在这个过程中,细胞需要保持饱和和不饱和脂肪酸的平衡,这需要一种叫做硬脂酰辅酶A去饱和酶(SCD)的酶,它负责将饱和脂肪酸转化为不饱和脂肪酸。

研究分析显示,热量限制饮食和生酮饮食都会降低 SCD 的活性,但生酮饮食的小鼠可以从饮食中获得脂类,因此它们不需要使用 SCD。

然而,限制热量饮食的小鼠无法从饮食中获取脂肪酸,也不能产生自己的脂肪酸。与生酮饮食的小鼠相比,这些小鼠的肿瘤生长明显减慢。

热量限制(CR)延缓肿瘤生长,生酮饮食(KD)和对照组一样

研究人员表示,限制热量摄入不仅会使肿瘤缺乏脂质,还会破坏肿瘤适应的过程,这种结合确实有助于抑制肿瘤的生长。

除了对小鼠的研究,研究人员还分析了一些人类数据。在胰腺癌患者的饮食模式与生存时间之间的一项大型队列研究中,研究人员发现,摄入的脂肪类型似乎会影响胰腺癌诊断后低糖饮食患者的生活方式。由于数据不够完整,无法得出任何关于饮食影响的结论。

尽管这项研究表明,限制热量摄入对抑制肿瘤有益处,但研究人员表示,不建议癌症患者遵循限制热量的饮食,因为这种饮食难以维持,而且会产生有害的副作用。

相反,研究人员认为这些发现值得进一步研究,以确定如何将饮食干预与药物结合以帮助癌症患者,一种可能的治疗策略是抑制SCD酶,这将切断肿瘤细胞产生不饱和脂肪酸的能力。

下一步,研究人员将要研究各种脂肪来源的饮食,包括植物性或动物性脂肪在饱和、单不饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸含量上的差异,如何改变肿瘤脂肪酸代谢和不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比率。

原始出处:

Lien, E.C., Westermark, A.M., Zhang, Y. et al. Low glycaemic diets alter lipid metabolism to influence tumour growth. Nature (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04049-2.

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    2022-09-20 liye789132251
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    2021-10-23 419040982

    产热营养素占比???

    0

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    2021-10-23 xxxx1054
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