Lancet Diabetes Endocrino: 2019年全球疾病负担研究分析:降低25岁以下糖尿病死亡率仍是重大挑战,优化胰岛素、基本糖尿病教育和护理迫在眉睫

2022-03-19 Naomi MedSci原创

近日,研究人员通过GBD2019全球数据评估25岁以下人群的糖尿病死亡率及其趋势。降低25岁以下的糖尿病死亡率仍是一项重大挑战,特别是在低和中低SDI国家,这凸显加强胰岛素治疗和糖尿病教育和护理的紧迫

      糖尿病已被联合国和世卫组织确定为应对非传染性疾病挑战的行动计划中的五大优先非传染性疾病之一。糖尿病患者慢性并发症的预防和管理涉及复杂且长期、经济负担巨大的工作。

      相比之下,由急性并发症(即糖尿病酮症酸中毒、高渗性昏迷和严重低血糖)、早发性肾功能衰竭和急性感染引起的死亡可以通过最低限度的核心措施来预防。这些措施包括提供可负担的胰岛素获得保健服务(包括血糖监测和及时提供急性失代偿服务)和健康教育(包括对1型糖尿病和酮症酸中毒的快速识别和检测)。由于高收入国家的现代保健已被证明在降低这些并发症造成的死亡率方面是有效的,因此有理由认为,如果更广泛地提供更好的护理,包括提供负担得起的胰岛素,就可以在全球范围内看到死亡率的大幅下降。

      许多低收入和中等收入国家在提供预防糖尿病急性并发症所致死亡的最低核心行动方面取得了相当大的进展。例如,巴西观察到,从1991年到2010年,在实施国家卫生系统后,40岁以下人群中死于急性并发症的人数减少了74.5%,这大大增加了糖尿病患者获得护理的机会,包括提供免费胰岛素。

      由于死亡率数据是世界上最可用的健康统计数据,它们可用于跟踪水平和糖尿病基本护理的趋势。然而,糖尿病引起的死亡(国际疾病分类,第10版[ICD-10],代码E10-E14)经常被进一步模糊地归类为多种(.7)或未指明的(.8)并发症,或没有并发症(.9),这使得直接评估急性并发症死亡的趋势变得困难。例如,从1996年到2011年,在巴西,在剔除因肾脏疾病(.2)和外周动脉疾病(.5)造成的死亡后,83.6%的死亡用没有信息的.7至.9代码编码。由于25岁以下人群的死亡可能主要是由急性并发症造成的,将评估范围限制在这一年龄范围内,就可以把重点放在可避免的死亡原因上。

      全球疾病负担、伤害和风险因素研究(GBD)可系统性地收集死亡率数据,按年龄组和疾病提供世界各国的死亡率估计。近日,有研究人员试图开发一个简单和最新的潜在可预防的糖尿病死亡率指标,使用现成的GBD 2019世界各国数据来评估25岁以下人群的糖尿病死亡率及其趋势。

      研究使用GBD 2019年的估计值来计算1990年和2019年25岁以下的国际糖尿病死亡率。死因的数据来源来自1990-2019年的生命登记系统、口头尸检和其他监测系统。研究使用GBD死因集合模型估计了每个地点的死亡率。分析了每10万人口年龄标准化死亡率与社会人口指数(SDI)全民健康覆盖率(UHC)的关系,并描述了SDI五分位数内的变异性。给出了其95%不确定区间的估计值。

600

  • 2019年,全球因糖尿病(1型和2型合并)死亡的人数为16300人(95%不确定区间为14200至18900),其中73.7%(68.3%至77.4%)被归类为1型糖尿病。
  • 年龄标化死亡率为每10万人口0·50(0·44至0·58),其中15 900人(97·5%)发生在低至中低SDI国家。高SDI五分位数为0·13(0·12~0·14)/10万人口,中低SDI五分位数为0·60(0·51~0·70)/10万人口,低SDI五分位数为0·71(0·60~0·86)/10万。
  • 在SDI五分位数内,观察到不同国家之间的比率差异很大,部分原因是UHC的程度(r²=0.62)。
  • 从1990年到2019年,所有糖尿病的年龄标准化死亡率在全球范围内下降了17.0%(-28.4%至-2.9%),仅考虑1型糖尿病时下降了21.0%(-33.0%至-5.9%)。然而,低SDI五分位数在所有糖尿病(-13.6%[-28.4to3.4])和1型糖尿病(-13.6%[-29.3to8.9])中下降最小。

      降低25岁以下的糖尿病死亡率仍然是一项重大挑战,特别是在低和中低SDI国家。糖尿病的诊断和治疗不足可能是导致这些早期死亡的主要原因,这突显了迫切需要更好地获得胰岛素以及基本的糖尿病教育和护理。这一死亡率指标来自现成且经常更新的GBD数据,可帮助监测全球范围内可预防的糖尿病相关死亡人数,与联合国的可持续发展目标保持一致,并可作为各国1型和2型糖尿病基本护理充分性的指标。

文献来源:GBD 2019 Diabetes Mortality Collaborators. Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022;10(3):177-192. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00349-1

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    2023-01-14 baoya
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  4. 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    2022-11-03 howi
  5. 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    2022-03-24 医鸣惊人

    认真学习了

    0

  9. 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